Demonstration of dynamic spelling change

in a standard Early Middle English (late 12th century East Midland)

• long vowels: a_ e_ i_ o_ u_ ea A_ E_ I_ O_ U_ Ea
• eME diphthongs (ey/ay): eayther, wre_yede, sayen, wey, day, be_yen, swe_y, meaythe
• eME 1250 diphthongs before /x/ (ah/eh/oh): lahhen, tahte, sah, he_h, ne_h, theah, dohter, sohte, thohte, thoh, i`no_h
• OE initial g /g/ and ng /Ng/: ga_n, singen;
• OE cg /dZ/: brigge, biggen, segge;
• OE g after back vowel /G/: a_gen, ageful, folgen, sorgen, boge, halge, swelgen, narwe, bu_gen, argethe;
• OE g after front vowel /j\\/: burh, burges, wa_h, wa_ges, wegen, segen, e_gen, dre_gen, seagen (sawen/seagen), beah, nigen, dilgen
• OE ge~ (prefix to verbs): y`ha_ten, y`he_rde, y`fillde, y`makede, y`nemned
• OE ge~ (prefix to nouns, adverbs): i`li_c, i`rerd, i`thoht, i`timbere, i`no_h
• OE ~ig /ij/: siye, bi_yende, maniy, wiye
• OE palatal g /j/: year, yif, foryeten, be`yonde, heryen, biryen, Ye_
• OE initial h /h/ and hw /xw/: helen, habben, mo_derha_d, wrecceha_d, hwat, thwert, hwear;
• OE medial and final h /x/: niht, burh, dohter, arhthe;
• 7 changing consonant (cluster)s: ce, ic, ak, sce, -isc, sko, th, cw, hw, gg, efe
• ci_ld, sceawen, this, cwe_n, hwat, brigge, eafen
• OE a_ > o*e: a_k, a_th, a_the, a_thes, la_th, ba_the, a_n, sta_n, sta_nes, sa_ng, ba_n, ba_t, bra_d, a_ld, ha_m, la_ng, stra_ng, ama_ng, fa_l, fa_lde, fa_ldest, fa_ldes, fa_ldest, fa_ldeth, fa_lded, fa_ldede, fa_ldeden, fa_ldedest, ha_liy
• OE e > ea: speken brekest bereth cnede stede yefen here Herod hefene stelen
• OE ae_ > e in late ME: eafere neafere eafen eafric eafest weare wearen
• lengthening of vowel in first short syllable of disyllabic word: chosen, sworen (or sworen), tholen, boden, speken, stede`fast, yeafen, maken, baken, hwal, breken, dreapen
• ne_we, cna_wen, sto_w, tre_we, gro_wen, bla_wen, sti_ward, spi_wen, sceawen, sleawth, deaw
• syncopation: castel casteles, sworen sworene, ma_them ma_themes, mathemes, dafen dafenen dafeneth dafening, de_fel de_feles, fastenen fasteneth fastenede y`fastened fastening, at`gadere gaderen, mo_neth mo_nethes, arfeth arfethe, weren werede wered weres, here, ic cwethe, thu_ he_rest, fayer fayere, twe_yen, candel candeles, timber timberes i`timbere, apostel aposteles, postel posteles, hefen hefenes, rekenen rekenest rekenere rekening, stefen stefenes, sunder sunderlic sunderiy sundering sunderen, lufen lufede lufed, hafede hafed, haefed heafedes
• syncopation with uppercase vowel: Efene Eafene Othere O_there Undere
• spelling change for 'c' and 'f' before 'e' and 'i': locken, wuk`atheling, wuke, wi_f, wi_fes, flock, in flocke, ic la_ke, thu_ la_kest, li_keth, li_king
• OE e_a/ea: weapen, weapened
• 2-part definitions: boden, fa_nd, awiht, fihten, faht, brak, break, breaken, breake, bruken, broken, breken, hafeth
• some common words: I_, i_, He_, he_, Sce_, sce_, We_, we_, Ye_, ye_, the_, to_ Lundene, into_, swa_, Swa_, alswa_, tha_, swilc, hwilc, hwear, thear, weare, wearen, cna_wen, heafed heafede, lafdiy, hafde, hafeth, la_ferd, testword
• some common words in lME: mo_der, bro_ther, o_there, de_fel de_feles, he_lden, iu_de_isc
• all vowels and consonants: sta_n, ba_t, calf, maken, fe_t, stream, li_f, go_d, hu_s, yung, Ye_, a`yeanes, day, sayde, i`sayd, i`no_h, maniy, sce_ld, ci_ld, brigge, niht, burh, hwat, sorge, cwe_n, ifel
• grammatical endings: word worde wordes, stra_ng stra_ngere stra_ngest stra_ngeste, sceawe sceawen, do_ do_n
• verb endings: sceawe sceawest sceaweth sceawen sceawede sceawedest sceaweden y`sceawed, saye sayst sayth sayen sayde saydest sayden y`sayd, do_ do_st do_th do_n dide didest diden y`did, wri_te wri_test wri_teth wri_ten wra_t write writen y`writen, me_ten me_te me_test me_teth me_tte me_ttest me_tten y`me_tt
• suffixes: Engle Englisc, sceawe sceawing, sa_r sa_riy, sceawende, bakere bakeres, wunder wunderful wunderfule wundereful wunderefule, wine winsum winsume winesum winesume, a_r a_rleas a_rlease, la_th la_the la_thlic la_thlice la_thli_ce, wi_s wi_sdo_m wi_sedo_m wi_sdo_me wi_sdo_mes, mo_der mo_derha_d mo_dereha_d mo_derha_de mo_derha_des bisiy bisiynes bisiynesse bisiynesses hard hardscip hardescip hardscipe hardscipes