Wordhord

1 2 3

a- pref

forth, away

a_-

MED a-

unemphatic verbal prefix, as a rule only intensitive in meaning; in pronouns and participles, gives a sense of indefiniteness

abbot (abbud) n m

abbot

abbudisse n f abbess

abbotri_ce n nt abbey, office of an abbot

abbud ~isse ~ri_ce

PC1 abbot abbates abbodrice, PC2 abbot ~rice, Lmn abbod, Ch abbot, MED abbot abbod-ric(h)e

abu_ten (onbu_ten) prep/adv

about, around, on the outside; nearly, roundabout

a_bu_tan onbu_tan

PC1 abutan, PC2 abuton, Lmn abuten, AW abuten

adele n m

mud, filth

a_dela

Owl adel, MED adel(e)

adle n f/nt

illness, ailment, disease, infirmity

adlen v w tr/intr addle, make ill; ail, languish, be diseased

adlende n patient, sufferer

adliy` adj listless, ill

a_dl ~e ~ig` ~ian

Orm adle addledd, MED adl~e ~ig

~

afnen v w

accomplish, carry out, do, perform, fulfil; cause; endure, suffer;

iafnen hold, sustain

(g`e)aefnan (e)

a_gen adj

own

a_gen v ptpr; a_h a_hst, a_hte own, possess; owe; have to, ought

aht (aehte) n f property, possessions; ownership, control

a_gen, a_gan a_h/a_g a_hst a_gon a_hte a_hton, aeht ae_hte~

PC1 ahte/eahte, PC2 ahte, Orm ay`h`enn ah, ahhte, Lmn agen ah ahte ahten, ahte (ae), AW ahte, PH3 ey`te, SO owhen, MED aught

a_glaece n m

monster, demon, fiend, fierce combatant

a_glaek n nt misery, grief, oppression

a_glae_c`a (ae_~) a_glae_c` (a_)

MED e_gle_che

OE ag-la_c < ag? rel ON agi, ME awe?

1 2

ak conj

but, nevertheless, moreover, however

ac

PC2 ac/oc, Orm acc, MED ac (ak)

aken v s6; o_k o_ken iaken

ache, suffer, feel pain

acan (o_ o_ a)

Lmn oc, AW aked`, Ch aken, MED aken o_k

aker (acres) n m

acre, field, crop, cultivation, arable land

akerman n farmer

aecer aecras aecermann

PC2 acer ~es, MED aker

1 2 3

al adj

all, whole

alle pl all

alles adv completely

nalles adv not at all

alre gen pl of all

eall ~e ~es; ealre ~ fyrst/lae_st; nealles

PC2 al alle alrefyrst, Orm all alle allre laest, AW al alle

al n f

awl, spike

ael

AW eal eawles, Ch al, MED al

alen v s6; o_l o_len ialen

nourish, grow, produce

alan (o_ o_ a)

rel a_ld

a_ld adj; eld~er ~est

old

alder n m/nt; ~man elder, leader, civil or religious authority; chief-, arch-

alderdo_m n m superiority, pre-eminence

elde n f age, maturity; stage, period

elden v w delay; age, grow old

eldre n m sg/pl parent, older person

eald (a), ealdor ~do_m ~liċ ~mann, ield~o (y/e) ~ra ~est ~an

PC1 ylde, PC2 ald, Orm ald, elde, eldenn, elldre, Lmn ald, alder, eld(e)re, ealdren (ae), Ch o(o)ld elde, MED alder, elde, elden, eldre

MED has two separate entries - 1. alder n ~es pl - leader; prince, chieftain, elder; and 2. eldre n eldre/eldren pl - parent (21); older person (6), old person (3); 'parent' is only indicated in the latter, whereas 'parent' appears under both 'ealdor' and 'ieldra' in CH

ealdor parent, ancestor; master, lord, prince, king; source, origin, authority; primitive; life; age; eternity; ieldra ancestors

1 2

ale n m/nt?

ale, beer

alehu_s n alehouse, pub

ealu (ealod`) ealuhu_s

PC1 alod`, Lmn ale, AW ale

aler n m

alder

alor (al[e]r)

Ch alder, MED alder (alre aller olr)

1 2

a_n (a/an) indef, num, adj, pref

a, an; one; lone, single

a_nne (aenne) acc a, an; one

a_nes gen, adv one's; once

a_ne dat, adv alone

ana_n adv at once

a_niy` (ae) adj any

a_nlic (ae) adj unique, only

a_nnes n unity, agreement

a_nge adj sole, solitary

a_nunge adv entirely

na_n, na_nne, na_nes, naeniy` pron, adj no, none

for t`e na_nes (t`aem a_nes) adv for the occasion; on purpose, expressly; indeed; temporarily

aene adv once

a_n a_nne/ae_nne a_nes a_num a_ne, a_na, ae_nig`, a_n~li_c (ae_) ~nes, a_nga, a_nunga, na_n na_nne etc, for t`ae_m a_nes, ae_ne

PC1 an aenne anes ane, PC2 a onne nan, Orm a(n) aenne aness ane, nan ~ess, forr t`e naness, Lmn a(n) aenne (ane), Owl an anne ane, ene, Ch a(n) o(o)n n~, for the nones

acc forms are rare in PC2 and Orm outside pronouns; OE t`ae_m a_nes > eME t`e na_nes

1 2 3

and conj

and

and (ond)

PC1 and, Orm annd

and~ pref

against, opposing; in return, back, re; facing, toward; completely, fully

andsaete adj/n repugnant, odious; hostile; adversary, enemy

andsweren v w answer

andward adj present, actual, existing; opposite

andfang andg`iet andsaca andsaec andswaru andweard andweorc andwi_s i.a.

MED an(d)-let and-seche an(d)swere an(d)-sete an(d)-weard an(d)-sweren

also - and~etten, ~fang, ~y`aeten, ~y`et, ~la_ng, ~lifen, ~sake, ~sac, ~werk, ~wi_s i.a.

ProtoG andi~ > OE and~, Du ont~, G ent~

ande n m

grudge, envy, enmity, malice, ill will

andful adj envious

anda

MED ond(e) ondful(e)

arfet` adj

difficult, laborious, hard

arfet`nes n hard work; hardship

earfot`(e) ~lic` ~nes

Orm arrfet`t`, AW e(a)ruet`, MED arved` ~nesse

1 2

at prep, pref

at; by, with

aet

PC2 at (ae), Orm att

a_t` n m

oath

a_t`

PC2 at`es, Orm at`ess, AW ad` at`es

at`el (at`ele) adj

noble, aristocratic; excellent, splendid, fine

at`ele n nt nobility, breeding

at`eling n m prince, nobleman, chieftain

e_t`el n m/nt native land, homeland

aed`el~e (aed`el) ~u ~ing, e_t`el

Orm at`ell, Lmn ad`el, Owl at`ele, MED athel, ethel

ba_, ba_t`e num (n/adj/conj)

both

bey`en num/n both; pair, couple, duo

be_g`en ba_ ba_ beg`ra ba_m/bae_m, ba_ t`a_

PC1 bad`e, begen, PC2 bat`e, beien, Orm bat`e, ba bey`y`enn, Lmn ba beien, bad`e, AW bad`e, ba, Owl bot`e, bo, SO bot`e, Ch bothe, MED bothe, bo

ba_t`e is the most common form in eME; ba_ and bey`en are not found at all in Ch; bey`en was the masculine form in OE and was only used with two males

1 2

baken v s6; bo_k bo_ken ibaken; ~ere ~estre

bake

bakern n nt bakery, bread shop

bacan (o_ o_ a) baec~ere ~estre ~ern

Orm bakenn, MED baken (o_ o_ a)

bak n nt

back

baec

PC1 baec, Orm bacc, AW bac, Ch bak

bale (balw~) n nt

evil, malice; misery

bealu beal(u)wes

Lmn balu baluwen, AW bale (balewe), Ch bale, MED bale

bane n m

slayer, murderer; bane

benn n f wound

bana

Lmn bane (o), AW bone, Ch bane

(i)bann (ban) n nt

edict, proclamation, summons, bann

bannen v s7; be_nn be_nnen ibannen summon, command, proclaim

g`ebann, bannan (e_o e_o a)

Lmn bannen (eo) bonneden, Owl banne, ibanned, MED ban, bannen

1 2

bar adj

bare, open

baer

Lmn bare, AW bare, MED bar

1 2

be, bi_ prep

by, with, near, about, at, in, on, during, according to

umbe (imbe) prep, pref around, about

aefre umb hwi_le adv repeatedly

be (bi_/big`), ymbe (u/e)

PC1 ymbe, PC2 be/bi, um, Orm bi, umbe/ummbenn, Lmn bi, AW umbe(n), Ch be/by, MED umbe

1 2

baeh n m; baeges

ring, crown, necklace

boga n m bow, arch

bu_gen v s2; baeh bugen ibogen bow, bend, submit; turn, retreat, go; join

forbu_gen v decline, refrain

be_ag (h), bu_gan (e_a u o) for~, boga

PC1 bugon, Orm buy`h`enn for~ baeh, Lmn beh baey`es, boy`e, buy`en baeh, AW bohe, MED bei

1 2

baernen v w

burn

baernan

PC1 baernde, Orm baernen, AW bearne bearnde

baeten v s7; be_t be_ten ibaeten

beat, flog, whip, punish

be_atan (e_o e_o e_a)

Orm baetenn, AW beaten i~

1 2

bed n nt; beddes pl

bed

bedbu_r n nt bedroom

bedd ~es, bedbu_r

Orm bedd, Lmn bed bedde, Ch bed beddes

1 2

be_d n m

table

be_od

MED beode

be_den v s2; baed buden iboden

offer, bid, grant

bod n nt offer

abe_den v summon

bebe_den v ~end command, order, decree; commit, entrust

bebe_dendlic adj commanding, imperative

bebod n command, order, decree, injunction

forbe_den v forbid

boden (i~) v w announce, proclaim, deliver message; preach; prophesy, presage, signify, portend, bode

ibod, boding n message, precept, preaching

bode n m messenger, herald, prophet

bodend n m teacher, preacher

foreboden v forebode

be_odan a~ be~ for~ (e_a u o), bebe_odend ~lic, (g`e)bodian fore~, boda, bodiend, bod be~ g`e~, bodung

PC1 bodian, Orm bede baed forr~, Lmn beoden baed iboden, bodien, MED be_den, boden

be_den > ModE bid (offer) as in "I bid at the auction"

be_odan command, decree, summon; announce, declare

be_r n m

beer

be_or

MED be_r

1 2

bergen v s3; barh burgen iborgen

save, preserve, protect

iberh (g) n nt; ~lae_s adj refuge, safety, protection, defence

iberglic adj safe, prudent

herberh n harbour, shelter; lodgings, quarters

biry`en (be~) v w bury, entomb

biry`e n m protector; surety, bail

burh (g) n f; burges pl town, city; fort, stronghold

burhle_d n m citizen

burhstede n m city; castle

haefedburh n capital city

beorgan (ea u o), g`ebeorg ~lic` here-beorg, (be)byrg`an (ig`), byrg`a, burg (h) byr(i)g`, burg~le_od ~stede, he_afodburh

PC1 byrigde bebyrged, PC2 burch, byrieden bebyried, Orm bery`h`enn borry`h`enn, herrberry`h`e, berrhless, burrh burry`h`ess, birry`enn, Lmn herbery`e, burh bury`es, burien, AW herbearhe, burhen iborhen, burh, MED berwen (bergen/bery`en) herberwe, bergles, burgh, birien

1 2

berh (g) n m; berges pl

mountain, hill, mound

beorg (h)

Lmn berhy`e beory`en, MED bergh (bery`/beregh)

bern n m

man, male, soldier, hero

beorn

Lmn be(o)rn, MED bern

1 2

be_t n nt; ~ing

threat, boast

be_ten v w threaten, vow, boast

(g`e)be_ot ~ian ~ung

Lmn beot i~ beoteden, MED beot i~ beotien

beren v s4; bar baeren iboren

bear, carry; bring forth, produce

forberen v forbear, abstain, refrain, spare

baer n f bier, carriage for corpse, hearse; portable bed

ibaere n f/nt behaviour; outcry, clamour, commotion

ibaeren v w behave

baern (barn) n m child, bairn

barm n m lap; bosom

bird n f/nt birth, lineage, descent, birthplace; nature, quality, rank

birle n m cupbearer, wine waiter, sommelier

birt`en n f burden, duty; child

bore suff, n m bearer; ruler

beran (ae ae_ o) for~, bae_r, g`ebae_r~u (e_) ~an, bearn, bearm, g`ebyrd ~daeg`, byrele, byrt`en, bora

PC2 bar baeron (for)baren byrt`en, Orm berenn barr baere borenn baere baern barrness birde birrless, Lmn beares baere barme bearm be(a)rn birles, AW bere bearm bearnes burde, Owl (i)bere, Ch bere(n) bar baren (e) ybor(e)n beere birthe barm, MED beren be_r be_ren barn/ba_rn barm birle birthen bore

bernen v s3 intr; barn burnen ibornen

burn (up)

biernan (a u o)

Lmn bernen burne, Owl berne

1 2

bey`en v w tr/refl

bend, bow, flex; stoop, weaken, give way; turn, turn back, incline

forbey`en abase, humiliate, degrade; depreciate; bow down

bi_eg`an forbig`an

AW beien beide, MED beien

bi_den v s1; ba_d biden ibiden

stay, continue, remain

abi_den v abide, wait, await, expect; delay; survive

ibi_den v experience, undergo

bi_d n nt halt, hesitation, delay

bi_dan (a_ i i) a_~ g`e~, bi_d

PC1 biden, Orm bad, Ch byde bood, MED bi_de

bidden v s5; bad baeden ibeden

pray, request, beseech, exhort; order (food etc)

baeden v w compel, impel; oppress

bede, ibed n f; nt prayer, bead

biddan (ae ae_ e), bae_dan, bedu g`ebed

PC1 bidde baed beaden, Orm bidden badd baede bedenn, bede bedess, Lmn bidden bad beden, bede beden, Ch bedes, MED ibede, bed(e)

ModE bid (pray) as in "I bid thee good night"

bi_nden v s3; ba_nd bu_nden ibu_nden

bind, tie, restrain; imprison

ibi_nd n nt binding, fastening

bend n f bond, fetter, shackle

bindan (a u u), g`ebind, bend

PC1 bendas, Orm bindenn band bundenn, Lmn binden ibundene, bende, AW ibunden, Ch bynde bond ybounden, MED bi_nden, bi_nd(e), bend(e)

bisen (bisne) n f/nt

example, pattern, model

forebisen n parable, proverb; archetype

bisnen (bisen~) v w symbolise, exemplify

bisen(e) ~ian (bysnian)

Orm bisne, Lmn bisne, AW bisne fore~, Owl uorbisne, MED bisnen

blo_d n nt; ~iy` adj

blood

blo_dgen (blo_diy`en) make bloody

blo_d ~ig`, blo_dgian (blo_deg`ian)

Orm blod, Lmn blod, AW blod, MED blo_d, blo_deke

~

1 2

bo_k n f/nt; ~es (be_c) pl

book

bo_kere n m author, writer; scholar

bo_kstaf n m letter, character

day`bo_k n diary, log, journal

bo_ken v w book, reserve; grant by charter

bo_c ~ere ~staef, be_c, bocian

PC1 bokes/bec, Orm boc boke, AW bokes

bold n nt

castle, mansion, abode

bold

Lmn bold, AW bold

bord n nt

table, board, plank, shield; meal

innenbordes adv at home

u_tenbordes adv abroad

he_hbord n head table

cuppebord n cupboard

bord innan~es u_tan~es

Orm bord, Ch bord, MED bord, cuppe-~ 1375

brekenv s4; brak braeken ibroken

break

braec n nt (brice m) breach, fracture, breaking, destruction; clearing

brok n nt fragment

brecan (ae ae_ o), brae_c (g`e)bryce, broc

PC2 braecon, Orm brekesst bracc, AW breken ibroken, Owl breche, MED brech(e) briche

bre_st n m/f

chest, breast

bre_ost

Orm brest, Lmn breoste, Ch bre(e)st

briht (berht) adj

bright

brihten v w cleanse, clarify, illuminate, brighten

brey`den v s3; bray`d bruy`den ibroy`den flash, dart, move quickly; twist, braid, embroider; pull, lift, brandish

abrey`den v wake, start

beorht (bryht) ~ian, breg`den (ae u o) a~

PC1 gebroiden, Orm brihht, Lmn briht, breiden braid (ae) brudden ibroiden, AW briht brihted`, breiden ibroiden

bringen v w irr; brohte

bring

bringan bro_hte

PC2 brohte, Orm brinnget`t`, AW bringen, Owl broy`te

~

1 2

brok n nt

affliction, misery, trouble, strife, adversity; disease, infirmity

broken v w crush, hurt, afflict, molest

broclic adj miserable, adverse, hard

broc ~ian ~lic

AW brokes, MED brok

1 2 3

bro_t`er n m nom/gen

brother

bret`re pl brothers

bro_t`or (g`e)bro_t`or/bro_t`ru bre_t`er

PC1 brod`er bred`re, Orm brot`err bret`re, Lmn brot`er ~en (~es), Ch bretheren/brotheres

bru_ken v s2; braek bruken ibroken

enjoy, use, employ, brook

bru_can (ae_ u o) bru_cet`/bry_ct`

Orm brukenn ~et`t`, Lmn bruken ~ed`, MED brouken

bru_n adj

brown, dusky, dark, swarthy; shiny

bru_nfa_h adj burnished

bru_n ~fa_g

MED broun (brun)

bu_en v w

dwell, inhabit, occupy; cultivate

bu_r n nt room, bower, chamber; dwelling

ibu_r n m peasant, farmer

ne_hibu_r n neighbour

bedbu_r n bedroom

wunbu_r, kinbu_r, hert`bu_r, haefedbu_r n living room, lounge room, family room

bu_an, bu_r g`e~, ne_ahg`ebu_r, bedbu_r

PC1 nehhebura, Orm bure, Lmn bur, AW bur, nehbur, Ch bour, neighebore

wuning = apartment

bufen adv/prep

above

abufen adv above, aloft, on high

bufan on ~ a~

Orm bufenn, AW buuen a~, MED boven above(n)

rel ufen

~

1 2

burn n m

brook, stream; spring, well

burn (~e ~a)

Owl burne, MED bourn(e)

~

biy`en (bicy`~) v w irr; bohte

buy, purchase, acquire

abiy`en v redeem; requite; execute

bebiy`en v sell

forbiy`en v buy off, bribe; ransom

byc`g`an a~ be~ byc`g`e byg`et` bohte

PC2 bohton, Orm biggen bigget` bohhte, AW buggen bud`, Ch byeth, MED bi_en for~

byc`g`an ransom, redeem

bire n m

occasion, time

biren v w intr happen; belong, befit; behove, be necessary

byre byrian

Orm birrt` birrd~e ~enn, MED biren

1 2

birne (briniy`e) n f

armour, coat of mail, corselet, byrnie

byrne,

brynja

PC2 bryniges, Lmn burne (brunie), AW brunie, MED brinie

candel n f

candle, lamp

candelbore n acolyte

candel

PC2 candles, Ch candel

care n m

care, concern; sorrow, vexation, distress, anxiety

caren v w intr care, be anxious, grieve

caru ~ian

Orm kare, Ch care careth

caep n m

purchase, sale, trade, bargain

caepen v w trade, buy, bargain

caeping n f trade, business

caephu_s n nt department store

caepman n trader, merchant

caepsto_w n market

caepstre_t n f high street, shopping strip

caeptu_n, caept`orp n m shopping mall

caepy`e_ld n nt price

ci_pen v w sell

c`e_ap ~man ~sto_w ~ġield ~ung ~ian, cy_pan

Lmn cheap, AW chap (ea) cheped` chepinge, MED chep ~en chap-man

c`e_apstrae_t marketplace; OE c`y_pan traffic, buy, barter - variant of c`e_apan - see Wikt. c`i_epan

ce_sen v s2; caes curen icoren (chusen ichosen)

choose

kire n m choice

kiriy` n f chooser

kist n f choicest one, top pick, best; free will; virtue

c`e_osan (e_a u o), cyre cyrig`e, cyst

PC1 cesen coren (s), PC2 cuson cosan, Orm chesesst chaes chosenn, Lmn chaes curen (i)coren (chosen), cure, custe, AW chesen icorene, Owl custe, SO chese ycore, MED kire (cyre)

ce_se (ci_se) n m

cheese

c`i_se (ae_/e_/y_)

PC1 ceose, PC2 caese, LHchese, Ch chese, MED che_se

ceste (cist) n f

chest, trunk, box, casket; coffin; basket

cist (e/y)

PC2 caeste dat, Lmn cheste acc/dat, Ch cheste (i), MED chest(e)

cester n f

town, fort

cesterware n m/f citizen

c`easter ~waran ~ware

Orm chesstre, MED chestre

ModE Man-chester, Ro-chester, Win-chester etc

ci_ld n nt

child

cildre n pl children

ci_lden v w give birth, birth

ci_ldha_d n childhood

c`ild ~ru ~an ~ha_d

PC2 cild, Orm child chilldre childenn, MED chi_ld

vowel lengthening before 'ld' (but not 'ldr') in late OE

e

circe (cirice) n f

church

c`iric`e (y)

PC1 circe, PC2 cyrce cyricen, Orm kirrke, AW chirche, Ch chirche

cirkel n m

circle; cycle, zodiac

cirkelwirde n m computer, mathematician

circul, circolwyrde

MED cercle

icnerd adj; ~nes

eager, zealous, diligent, studious

cnerdlaecen v w toil, slog, exert, plug away, be diligent

g`ecneord (g`e)cneord~lic` ~nes ~lae_can

~

corn n nt

grain

morgencorn cereal

corn

PC2 corn, Orm corn, Lmn corn

e.g. wheat, barley, rye, oats etc

craft n m; ~iy` adj

skill, ability, trade, art, craft; strength

craftige n m craftsman

he_hcraftige n m architect

craeft ~iga he_ahcraeftiga

PC1 craeftes, Orm crafft, Ch craft

Cri_st n

Christ

cristen adj/n Christian ~do_m ~en

Cri_st, Cri_sten ~do_m, cri_stnian

PC2 Crist ~en, Orm Crist ~ess crisstene crisstenndom crisstnedd, MED Cri_st cristen

cumen v s4 irr; co_m co_men icumen

come

cume n m visitor

co_me (kime) n m coming, advent

acumen v come forth; bear, bring; endure, withstand

ancumen, to_cumen v arrive

becumen v approach, enter, eventuate

acumendlic adj possible; tolerable

cuman (o_ o_ u) an~ a_~ to_~ cumet`/cymt`, cuma, cyme

PC2 cumen com comen, Orm cum(m)enn cumet`t` comm comenn, come, Lmn cumen com comen, kime/cume, AW cume, Owl kume, Ch com(e)th cam/co(o)m co(o)me(n), come, MED comen a~ acumendlice, come

cam first appears 1225 Vices & V.

cunnen v ptpr; can canst, cu_t`e icu_t`

know, know how to, be acquainted with

oncunnen v ptpr accuse, blame, reproach

cna_wen v s7; cne_w cne_wen icna_wen know, recognise, perceive

cunnen v w; cunnet` test, try, investigate

forcunnen v w tempt

cu_t` adj known, familiar

forcu_t`, fraket` adj vile, wicked, obscene

cu_t`e n m/f acquaintance; client, customer

ke_ne adj keen, bold, sharp, pungent

ki_t` n f; ki_t`t`e ~s kinship, relationship; kinsmen, kith, family; home, familiar territory, homeland

onki_t` n grief

ki_t`en (i~) v w; ki_t`ede (kidde) acquaint, make known, announce, proclaim; testify, confess

iki_t`nes n f testament, testimony, knowledge, acquaintance

cunnan on~ cann canst cunnon cu_d`e, ce_ne, cy_d`d` (~u) on~, (g`e)cy_d`an cy_dde, (g`e)cy_d`nes, cna_wan (e_o e_o a_), cunnian for~, for-cu_t` fracod` (~ed`/ed), cu_da

PC1 gecydde, PC2 can cunnen cut`e, Orm cunnenn cann cannst cut`e cut`enn, kene, kit`en kiddenn, cnawenn cnew, cunnenn cunnet`t`, Lmn cud`d`e icud/icud`, cnowed` cneowe, kene, AW cud`d`e icud(d)/icud`d`et, cnawen, kene, Ch can canst cunne/conne couthe/coude, cunnid` cunnede, MED connen, kitthe ki_then iki_thnesse, cunnen, fraked

OE cennan - make known > Lmn kennen, AW kennid`

~

1 2

cwaed adj

bad, wrong, wicked, poor quality; evil, harm; dung, muck

cwaedhaefed n aching head

cwaedy`aer n unlucky year

cwe_ad

Lmn cued, AW cweade

cwe_me adj

pleasant, agreeable

cwe_men v w satisfy, gratify

(g`e)cwe_me cwe_man

Orm cwemenn cwemmdenn (to)cweme, Lmn queme, AW icweme, Ch quemen

cwet`en (i~) v s5; cwat` (d) cwaet`en (d) icwet`en (d)

say, speak, settle, resolve

forecwe_t`en adj afore-mentioned

cwide n m speech, saying, phrase

icwide n sentence, decree

(g`e)cwet`an (ae ae_ e), cwide g`e~

PC1 cwed`e cwaed/cwaed`, Orm cwat`t`, Lmn quad`/quaed qued`en iqued`en, AW cwed`en cwed` cweden

cwild n m/f/nt

destruction, death, pestilence

cwild

MED quel(le)

~

day` n m; day`es (dages) pl

day

dagen v w dawn, grow light

aday` adv in daytime, during the day

to_day` adv today

day`hwamlic adj daily

day`mael n m clock

do_ger n m/nt day

daeg` dagas ~mae_l, dagian, do_gor (er)

PC2 daei/dei daeies, Orm day`y` day`y`es/day`h`ess, day`y`whammlike, AW dei dahes, Ch day dayes/dawes, MED 1200 daihwamlice

Mo_nen~day`, Ti_wes~, Wo_dnes~, T`unres~, Friy`~, Satern~, Sunnen~

dael n m

part, share, deal, portion, allotment, division

daelen (to_~) v w share, distribute, deal out, divide

bedaelen v deprive

ida_l n nt parting, separation

aelcdael adv entirely

sumdael adv somewhat

dae_l, dae_lan be~ g`e~ to_~, g`eda_l, sumdae_l

PC1 dael, PC2 to daelde (e), sum del, Orm del dale todaelenn, Lmn daele dale, to-daelen, Owl echdel, MED de_len (dae_len), to_~

daet` n m

death

daed adj dead

dey`en v w to die

de_at`, de_ad

PC1 dead`, daed, PC2 ded, Orm daet`, daed, dey`enn, Lmn daed`, daed, deiy`en, AW deien, Ch deye(n) (dyen)

ON deyja

do_ v irr; dide ido_n

do, make; put

bedo_n v defile, befoul

fordo_n v ruin, destroy

misdo_n v transgress, err, sin, do harm

ofdo_n v remove, cancel

de_d n f deed, act, action, achievement

oferde_d n indulgence, lack of restraint

do_m n m, suff judgement, sentence, ordeal; state, ~dom

de_me n m judge

de_men v w judge, deem

forde_men v convict, condemn

do_n be~ for~ mis~ of~, de_t`/do_t` dyde g`edo_n, dae_d (e_) mis~, do_m, de_ma, de_man for~

PC2 don mis~ for~ dide (y), daedes, Orm don missdot` didenn, dede, dom, deme demenn demmd, AW ded, dom, deme demen demde, Ch do(n) doth mis~, de(e)de, do(o)m, demen

~

dohter n f nom(/gen); (~es) gen/pl

daughter

dohtor dehter dat dohtor pl dohtra dohtrum

PC1 dohter, Orm dohhterr dohhtress pl, Lmn dohter dohtren pl, AW dohhterr dehtren pl, Ch doghter doghtren/doghtres pl

1200 dochtres pl

drake n m

dragon, sea monster

draca

Orm drake, Lmn drake, AW drake

draem n m

joy, festivity, merriment; music, singing

draemere n m musician

dre_am ~ere ~liċ ~~nes ~craeft

Orm draem, Lmn draem, AW dream

dreccen v w irr; drahte

injure, afflict; postpone, delay

drec`c`an dreahte

PC1 gedreht, Lmn idraht/idrecched, Ch drecche drecched, MED drecchen (idraht)

dri_fen v s1; dra_f drifen idrifen

drive, chase, pursue

dri_fan (a_ i i)

PC1 draf, Orm drifenn drifet`t` draf, AW driuen draf driuen idriuen

dre_sen v s2; draes druren idroren

fall, decline, fail; perish

dre_r n m/nt blood

dre_riy` adj sad; cruel, grievous; bloody

drismen v w become gloomy

dre_osan (ea_ u o), dre_or ~ig`, drysmian

Orm dreriy` (eo), Lmn drese, AW dreori, MED dre_sen (y-drore), dre_ri_

drinken v s3; drank drunken idrunken

drink

adrinken v drown

bedrinken v absorb

fordrunken adj/p ptc drunk, sozzled, inebriated

drunken-wille adj drunkard, alcoholic

drencen v w drench, submerge

fordrencen v w intoxicate, make drunk; ply with drink

drinc (drink) n m drink, beverage

drinchu_s n nt tavern, bar

drinc(a) drincan (a u u) a_~ be~, drenc`an, drenc`hu_s, drync` (e)

Orm drinnkenn drannc drunnkenn, drinnch/drinnke, Lmn drinches, AW drinken adronc fordrunke drunc-wile, drunch, MED drink(e), drinch(e)

~

driht n f, pref

company, band of retainers, army; multitude, nation; lordly, splendid

drihten n m Lord, chief; ruler, prince

drihtlic adj lordly, noble, high-ranking

dre_gen v s2; draeh drugen idrogen undergo, experience, endure, suffer; perform

dryht ~lic, dryhten, dre_ogan (ea u o) dri_ht`/dre_oget`

PC2 Drihten, Orm drihhtin drey`h`enn, Lmn driht ~liche Drihten driy`en (g)

dugen v ptpr; daeh daeht, dohte

avail, be useful, be worthy, be strong

dohtiy` adj doughty, worthy, valiant, intrepid

dugan de_ah de_aht dohte, dohtig` (y)

Orm daeh, duhhtiy`, Lmn duy`ende, duhti, AW duhen de(a)h, duhti

du_n n m/f

hill, down

adu_n, of du_ne adv down

du_n du_na, of du_ne

PC2 dun, Orm dun, Lmn dunes, adun, AW dun, adun

dure n f

door, gate

duru

Lmn dure, PM 1250 dure, Ch dore

~

aed n nt

prosperity

aediy` adj happy, fortunate

e_ad ~ig`

Orm aediy`, Lmn eadi, AW eadi

aela_ interj

alas, oh, woe

e_ala_

BH Eala, MED eala_

aer prep, adv, pref

before, ere; beforehand, had; ancient, former

aerlic adj; ~li_ce adv early

aerre adj, adv earlier

aerest adj, adv first

ae_r ~ra ~est ~or ~ost ~lic`

PC1 aer, Orm aer, Lmn aer, AW ear ~lice

aerd n m

land, homeland, country

aerden (on~) v w dwell, inhabit

eren v w plough, cultivate

eard ~ian, erian

PC1 aerde, Orm aerd, Lmn aerd, aerien, AW eard, erede, MED eren

aere n nt

ear

e_a_r(e)

Orm aere, AW eare, Ch ere

1 2

aernen v w

earn

earnian

Lmn iaerned, AW earnin, MED e_rnen

aern n m

eagle

earn

Orm aern, Lmn erne, MED e_rn

aest n/adj/adv; ~erne ~ward

east

aestan adv from the east

e_ast ~an ~erne ~ward

PC1 aest (ea), Orm aest, Lmn aest

aestre n nt; aester~

Easter

e_astre e_astron e_aster-daeg` -ae_fen -mo_nat` ~lic`

PC1 Easterdaeg Eastren daei, PC2 Estren, Lmn aestre, AW easter

aew n f

law, testament, marriage

aewbraec (~bryc) n adultery

aewbreke n adulterer

aewfast adj pious, devout

aewlic adj legal

aewnen v w marry

sinderaew n privilege

ae_(w) ae_w~brae_c ~breca ~faest ~lic ~nian synderae_

PC1 aewe aeuestlice, Orm ae, AW eawbruche

ece n m

ache, pain

ece (ae)

AW eche, TH eche, Ch ache, MED ache (ece)

rel aken; lME ake is remodeled on aken

e_ce adj; ~lic

eternal, perpetual, durable

a_, ay` adv ever, forever, always

na_ adv, conj never, not, not at all; no

aefre (aefer) adv ever, always

naefre adv never

aefre aelc, aefric adj, pron every; everyone

e_c`~e ~elic ~nes, a_ (a_wa), na_, ae_fre n~

PC1 ece, PC2 na, aeure n~ aeuer, aeuric, Orm eche, a ay`y`, na, aefre, Lmn a, na ~t`ing, aeuere n~, euer aelche, AW eche, aa ai, na ~t`ing, eauer n~, eu(e)rich, Ch ay

ON ei

e_fen (aefen) n m

eve, evening

e_fenmete n evening meal, dinner

ae_fen (e_)

PC1 aefen, Orm efenn, AW euen, MED e_ven

e_ge (aege) n nt; e_gen pl

eye

day`es e_ge n daisy

e_age e_agan (e_) daeg`es-~

Orm ey`h`e ~ss/ey`h`ne, Lmn ey`enen, AW ehe ehnen, Owl ey`e ey`ene, Ch eye eyghen (y)

ecy`e n f

edge

ec`g`

Orm egge, Lmn egge, AW egge

ehte num

eight

ehtete_ne num; ehtete_nt`e ord eighteen

ehtetiy` num; ehtetiget`e ord eighty

ehtet`e ord eighth

eahta ~-ti_ene (hund)~tig` ~te_od`a, eahtod`a

PC1 aehte, Orm ehhte, Lmn aehte ehtetene, AW eihtud`e, PH3 ey`te ~tent`e, TH egted`e, GC 1300 eiy`te~tene ~ty ~t`e ~tet`e, SL 1300 eiy`teteot`e, GC 1325 eiy`tet`e eiy`tetet`e, WB 1425 eiy`tetithe, MED eighte ~-te_ne ~ti_ ~the ~-tenthe ~-tithe

no entry in Clark-Hall or Boswell Toller for OE *eahtatigod`a

e_k (aek) adv

also, likewise, and

e_ken v w, adj increase, augment, add, accrue, eke out; great, pregnant

to_e_ken adv/prep besides, moreover, also, in addition

wastem n m/nt fruit, growth, offspring

wastembaere adj fruitful

waxen v s7; we_x we_xen iwaxen grow

fulwaxen n, adj adult, grown-up

e_ac (e_c) ~an to_e_acan, waestm ~bae_re, weaxan (e_o e_o ea) ful~

PC1 eac, westmas (ae), waex, Orm ec ekenn, wasstme, wax(x)enn wex waxenn full~, Lmn aec/eke aechen, wastmes, waxen weoxen iwaxen, Ch ek(e)/eek eched, MED e_k e_ken, wastme, waxen

PIE *h₂weg- > PG *wahsijaną (intensive) > OE weaxan; PIE *h₂weg- > *h₂ewg- > PG *aukaną > OE e_acan

1 2

el pref

foreign, strange

el~

MED el-

ele n m

oil, holy oil

ele

Orm ele, MED ele

elf n m; ~isc

elf, supernatural being

ielf ~e (ylf), aelf ~as

Lmn aluisc, Ch elf elues, MED elf

the Mercian form aelf was borrowed into West Saxon at an early date; only aelf appears in names.

ellen n nt

courage, valour, strength, zeal

ellen

Orm ellenlaes

1 2

ende n m

end, boundary

enden v w end, finish; destroy

at ende adv finally

end~e ~ian

PC2 enden, Orm ende endenn, MED end~e ~en

~end suff

doer, one who, ~er, ~or

~ende pr ptc doing, ~ing

~end ~ende

MED -ende

Haelend, Scapend, De_mend etc

erl n m

nobleman, earl, count; warrior

eorl

PC2 eorl, Orm eorless, SO erl

ert`e n f

earth

ert`tilt` n f agriculture

eort`e eort`lic`

PC2 ert`e, Orm e(o)rt`e ert`~lic ~liy` ~like, Lmn eord`e eord`lic

e_w interj

alas, oh, woe

e_ow

-ern suf

place, house, -ery, -ern

arn n nt dwelling, house, building, store, closet

aern (earn) baecern ha_ligern su_d`erne

MED ern bak~ breu~ hed~ sheu~ slep~

eten v s5; at aeten ieten

eat

etan (ae ae_ e) etet`/et

PC2 aeten eten, Orm etenn, Ch eten

etten v w

graze, browse, pasture

andetten v acknowledge, admit, praise; confess, promise, vow

ettan and~ (ond~)

e_wen v w

show, display, reveal

ate_wen v point, indicate

i_ewan at~ ot`~

PC2 atywede, BH aeteowden, MED atewien

fa_ (i~) n m, adj; fa_n pl

foe, enemy; hostile, inimical, feuding

faeht` n f hostility, enmity, feud

fa_h (g`e)fa_, g`efa_ ~n, fae_ht`

Lmn ifa ~n, AW fa fan i~, Owl fo, Ch fo(o) foos/fo(o)n, MED fo

fader n m nom/gen

father

faeder

PC1 faeder, Orm faderr, SO fader

mi_n fader hu_s - my father's house; VV 1225 faderes pl

fa_h adj; fa_ge w/pl

dappled, variegated, spotted, streaked; adorned, decorated

fa_g (h)

Lmn fah uay`e, MED fou

fallen v s7; fell fellen ifallen; be~

fall

fell n m fall, slaughter

fellen v w fell, cut down, kill; attack

feallan (e_o e_o ea), fiell ~an

Orm fallenn fellenn, Lmn fallen feol ~len, fellen feolde

fangen (fo_n) v s7 (irr); fange fanget` (fo_ fo_t`), fe_ng fe_ngen ifangen

seize, grasp

onfo_n, underfo_n v; onfo_nd n m receive

feng n m grip, grasp; booty, catch

andfang (~feng) n m acceptance, receipt; assault, seizure; (military) occupation

andfenge adj acceptable, suitable

fo_n fo_ fe_(h)t` (o_) on~, fe_ng fe_ngon g`efangen, feng and~ (a) and~e and~a

PC1 fon feng, PC2 underfeng, Orm fon fo fot` onn~, onnfengenn, fanngenn onn~ unnderr~, Lmn fon fo on-, feng (a) fengen on- under-, Owl fo ifot`, MED fo_n/fongen, onfangen

faren v s6; fo_r fo_ren ifaren

go, travel, fare, proceed, undergo; act; exist, happen

afaren v depart

skifaren v ski

far n nt vessel

fare n f; suff m expedition, procession; farer

faret` n m/nt current, stream; shore

fe_re n m comrade, companion, associate

fe_ren v w go, set out, march, proceed; behave, act

fort`fe_ren v depart, die

ife_ren v reach, accomplish

ife_re adj/n accessible; company, community

wordes ife_re n adverb

fe_rend n messenger, sailor

ferd n f army; military campaign

feren v w (fery`~) ferry, carry, transport

fo_r n f journey, voyage

ford n m ford, waterway

faran (o_ o_ a) faer -fara faru farot`, g`efe_re, (g`e)fe_ra, fe_r~an ~end, fierd, ferian ferode, fo_r, ford

PC1 ferode, PC2 faren, ferde, faerd, Orm farenn forenn, fere, ferd, Lmn foren, uerien ferede, AW fere, ferd, SO y-fere, Cl 1380 feryed, MED ferien

fast adj; ~e adv

firm, fixed, secure

fasten v w; n nt fast, abstain; retreat, safety

fastnen v w fasten, secure, confirm

onfast prep, adv close

faest ~an ~e ~en, faestnian

PC2 faeston, faestned, Orm onnfasst, fasste, fesstnenn, Lmn faste, fastnede, MED fast, faste(n), fastnen

fele adj, adv

much, many, a lot

fille n f fill, plenty, sufficiency, abundance; impregnation

fillen v w fill, replenish, satisfy, complete, fulfill

oferfille n surfeit

ifillednes n f fulfilment, completion

filst n m/f aid, assistance

folgen (filgen, fullga_n) v w follow, pursue

folget` n m following, retinue; pursuit, office, service

ful adj; ~le w/pl full

fultum n m help, protection, grace

fultumen, filsten, fullaesten v w help, support, comfort, abet

fela (feolu), fyllo (fyllu), fyll~an (g`e)~ednes, fylst ~an, folgian fylgan (fylig`an) full-ga_n, folgot`, full (ful), fullae_stan, fultum ~ian

PC1 fela, fylden, fylste, PC2 ful, folecheden, Orm fele, fillenn, folly`h`enn, full, Lmn feole, fulste ~n, foly`en, fultume, AW feole, fulst, folhen, ful, Owl fele, MED fillen, filsten, fultum

fe_len v w; fe_l(e)de ife_l(e)d

feel

folm n f palm, hand

fe_lan, folm(e)

AW felde, Ch feeled/felte feltest felten feled/felt, MED fe_len, folm

1 2

1 2

fe_ (feh) n nt; no pl

money, remuneration

fe_hu_s n nt bank

fe_ceste n f cash register, checkout

fe_ha_ldend n m cashier

fe_sarew n nt ATM, teller machine

feoh (fe_o) fe_os fe_o, feohhu_s

PC1 feo(h), Orm Orm fehh fe, Lmn feoh feo, AW feh, MED fe_

feoh cattle, goods; property, estate; tenure, feudal obligation; feohhu_s treasure house

fe_nd n m

fiend, enemy

fe_n v w hate, persecute, regard as hostile

fe_ond fi_end, fe_og`an (fe_on) fe_og`e fe_ot`

PC1 feond, Orm fend, Lmn feond ~es, iued/ifead/iuaeid/ifaeied, Ch feend ~es, MED feied

1 2

fer adj, adv; ferr~e ~er ~est

far; afar

ferren adv; v w from afar; remove, avert, take away

firlen adj; n nt distant, remote; distance

feorr, feorran, fyrlen

Orm ferr, Lmn feor, AW feor, Ch fer, MED fer ferren

fere (ferh) n m/nt; feres

life, soul, spirit; person

ferht` n m/nt mind, intellect

feorh (g) feores, ferhd` (y), fi_ras

Lmn uore, MED fere furth

length of vowel in gen and dat cases in OE is uncertain; Bosworth & Toller indicates short vowel

fi_f num

five

fifte_ne num; fifte_nt`e ord fifteen

fiftiy` num; fiftiget`e ord fifty

fifte ord fifth

fi_f ~ta ~ti_ene ~tig` ~te_od`a ~teogod`a (~tiged`a)

PC1 fif ~tig, Orm fif fif(f)te fifftiy`, Lmn fif ~te ~ten(e) ~ti, Ch fyue fif~t(h)e ~tene ~ty, TH 1200 fiftuged`e, LH 1225 fifteoy`ad`e, GC 1325 viftet`e, WB 1382 fiftenthe fiftythe, MED five (fif) fif-te_ne ~ti_ ~te -te_nthe ~ti_th(e)

fi_nden v s3; fa_nd fu_nden ifu_nden

find, discover; obtain, provide

-finde adj locatable

ifa_nden v w test, experience, search out

fu_nden v w strive, desire, head to

fe_t`e n m, nt infantry, troops; gait, locomotion

fu_s adj eager, ready, hastening

fi_sen (i~) v w impel, banish, drive away

fi_ndan (a u u), fynde, g`efandian, fundian, fe_d`a, fe_d`e, fu_s fy_s~an ~ian

PC2 finden fand, Orm findenn finnt fand fundenn, Lmn finden fond funden, Ch fynde(n) fo(o)nd founde(n)

first n m/nt

period, respite, space of time

afirst adv later, after a time

first (y/e)

PC2 fyrst, Orm fresst, Lmn feorst firste, AW first, PM afirst

1 2

fle_n v s2; fle_ fle_t` (fle_ht`); fledde ifled (flaeh flugen iflogen)

flee, escape

flaem n m flight, escape

fle_me n m fugitive

fle_men (i~) v w expel, put to flight, rout

fle_on fly_ht`/fle_(h)t` (e_a u o), fle_am, fli_ema, (g`)fli_eman

PC2 fleh flugen, flemden, Orm fle(o)n fleot` (att)flaeh fluy`henn, flemmde, Lmn fleon flict` flaeh fluy`en ifloy`en, flaem, flemen flemede, AW fleo(n) fleah fluhen iflohen, fleme, Ch fleen fleigh/fledde

fledde first appears in a1325(c1250) Gen. & Ex.

fle_gen v s2; flaeh flugen iflogen

fly

fle_ge n f fly

fliy`e, fliht n m flight

fliy`ehafen n f airport

fliy`ete_h n m; ~te_ges aeroplane

floge n m flyer; fugitive

fle_ogan (e_a u o), fle_oge, flyht, flyg`e, floga

Orm fley`henn fley`het`t` flaeh, Lmn fliy`ed` fleah fluy`en floy`en, fley`en, AW flihd`, flehen, Ch flyes

flo_d n m

#

flood, wave, flow, tide, stream, current, sea

flo_wen v s7; fle_w fle_wen iflo_wen flow

flo_d, flo_wan (e_o e_o o_)

PC1 flod, Orm flod, flowenn flowedd, Lmn flod, AW flowen fleaw

1 2

1 2

folde n f

earth, ground

fe_ld n m field

flet n nt; flettes pl floor; dwelling, hall

flo_r n m/f floor

folde, feld, flett, flo_r

PC1 feldan, Orm feld, flor, Lmn folde, feld, ulette, flor, Ch fe(e)ld, floor, MED flet

folk n nt

people, folk, nation, tribe

folkcu_t` adj accepted, noted

folkisc, folklic adj public, popular, secular, common, plebeian

flok n m; flockes group, flock, troop

folc, flocc

Orm follc follkess, flocc flockess, Lmn folc folke, flockes, MED folk, flok

1 2

for prep

for, in place of

forto_ conj/prep in order to; although, even if; until

fort`i_, fort`an (fort`aem) conj therefore, consequently

fort`i_ t`at conj because

for, for~t`ae_m (~t`a_m ~t`an ~t`on), ford`y_ ~ t`aet

PC1 fort`an, PC2 for, fort`i t`aet, Orm forr, forrt`i ~ t`att, Lmn fort`an (o/ae) ~ t`at for t`i, Owl for t`an t`at, MED for ~to

for~ pref

completely, utterly

for~

for~be_den, ~hogen, ~le_sen, ~de_men, ~do_n, ~nimen, ~saken, ~se_n, ~standen i.a.; has a destructive sense in some cases

fore pref, adv

pre, fore; before, afore, previously; because of

foren, atforen, beforen prep, adv before, in front of, opposite; forward

to_foren adv previously

fore foran be~ aet~ to_~

PC1 fore, PC2 beforen, Orm biforenn, AW fore biforen

fore~bisen, ~boden, ~genge(l), ~say`en, ~se_n, ~speken, ~ward i.a.

forht adj

afraid

forhten v w fear, be afraid

forht ~ian

MED forhtigen

forme adj sp

first, earliest

formest (firmest) adj sp foremost, leading

forma fyrmest (o)

Orm forrme, Lmn forme formeste, AW forme uormeste

fort` adv

forth, forward, ahead, away

fort`en v w carry out, achieve, accomplish, promote, proceed

fort`riht adv immediately, as soon as

furt`er adv further

firt`ren (furt`eren) v w further, aid, assist, support

fort` ~ian furd`or (g`e)fyrd`ran

PC1 furd`or, Orm for(r)t` forrt`~enn ~rihht, firrt`renn, Lmn ford` ~riht, iford`ed furd`er, AW furd`red`, Ch forther(e) forthereth forthred, MED further ~en

1 2

fort`en adv

recently, already, first; quite, exactly, even

furt`um (fort`on)

Orm forrt`enn, Lmn fort`e, MED fort`en

fower (fe_wer) num

four

fowerte_ne num; fowerte_nt`e ord fourteen

fowertiy` num; fowertiget`e ord forty

fe_rt`e ord fourth

fe_rt`e dael n m quarter

fe_rt`e (dael) fore ~ ofer quarter to ~ past

fe_ower ~ti_ene ~tig` ~te_od`a (~te_ogd`a) ~tigod`a, fe_ord`a, fe_ord`an-dae_l

PC1 feower ~tyne ~ti, fowertiged`e, feord`e Orm fowwre fowwerrtiy`, fert`e, Lmn feower ~ti, feord`e, AW fowr ~ti ~tud`e (~tende), feord`e, Ch foure fourty, ferthe (ou), TH 1200 fowertid`e, GE 1325 fowrtende, GC 1325 fourtet`e, MED four -te_ne -te_nthe ~ti_ ~ti_the, fe_rthe

numbers 4-12 may be declined if they do not stand before a noun

fram (fra_) prep, adv

from; forth, away

fram adj strenuous, active, brave

frame, freme n f; ~ful benefit, advantage, gain; excellence

framen v w avail, benefit

fremen v w perform, accomplish, commit, effect, attain; further, advance

fulfremen v complete, fulfil, perfect

fremde adj foreign, alien, strange

fram ~ian, fremu, fremian/fremman full~, fremde (~ede)

fra__

PC2 fra(m), Orm fra, frame, fremmde, Lmn from, fremmen, AW from, freamien, fremien, PH3 freme, SO fram, Ch fra(m) (o), fremde (fremed), MED freme framen fremen fremmen

the various related meanings of ModE frame may ultimately derive from OE framian 'avail, benefit'; the sense of 'perform' is evident in OE fremman (see Bosworth-Toller); the MED distinguishes fremen 'aid, advance, benefit', framen 'benefit, profit' and fremmen 'perform, accomplish'; TH 1200 fremen (listed under MED fremmen) has sense 'perform, accomplish'

Frank n m

member of Germanic tribe inhabiting modern-day France

Frankri_ce n kingdom of the Franks, France

France n France

frencisc adj Frankish, French

Franc~en ~land ~ri_c`e

PC1 France Frencisce, PC2 France, Lmn France Frensce Frenchisce, AW frensch

fratwe n f pl

jewellery, ornaments, decoration

fratwen v w adorn, decorate

innefratwe n interior decoration, decor

y`atwe n f pl arms, equipment, trappings

itawe n f pl apparatus, implements; genitalia

tawen v w prepare

fraetw~a ~an ~ian, g`eatwe g`eta_wu, (g`e)ta_wian

Orm tawwenn, AW itawet, MED fretewiaen, tauen

OE fraetwian < for [frae] + tawian

frae n m

lord, ruler; god

Friy` n f; ~day` goddess of love and home, wife of Woden

fre_a, Fri_g` ~edaeg`

PC1 Fridaeig, PC2 Fridaei, Lmn Fridaei, Ch Friday

~ ~

fre_nd n s/pl

friend, friends

fre_ndlic adj accepted

fre_ adj; n f free, dear; Lady

fre_d n f friendship, goodwill, affection

fre_n v w free; love, favour, embrace

frit` n m/nt; ~sum adj peace, safety, refuge

unfrit` n conflict, unrest

fre_ond fri_end, fre_o, fre_od, fre_og`an (fre_on) fre_o fre_ot` fre_og`at`(fre_ot`) fre_ode fre_og`e, frit` (~u) un~

PC1 freond, freon, PC2 fre(o)nd, unfrit`, Orm frend, frit`t`, Lmn frend, freoi(y`)~en freoden, frid`, AW freohin, Owl fro, MED fre_en

friy`en (fricy`~) v s5; fray` fraegen ifrey`en

ask, inquire, question, investigate

ifriy`en v learn, find out, hear tell

frey`en n nt question

ifraege n nt report; hearsay, knowledge

fray`nen v w fray`nede; (friy`nen v s3 fray`n fruy`nen ifruy`nen) ask, inquire

fric`g`an ge~ frig`et` fraeg` frae_gon g`efreg`en, freg`(e)n, g`efrae_ge, frig`nan (ae u u), fraeg`ning

Orm friy`y`enn, fray`y`n~enn ~edd, Lmn fraeine ~ien fraeinede, AW freinen, Ch frayneth, MED fri_en, frainen

OI frȳja - to question, find fault, taunt → MED fri_en, Orm friy`y`enn - find fault, taunt; Orm prob. influenced by OE frig`et`, sg3 of fric`g`an - ask

fri_ken v w

dance

fri_cian

MED friken

fro_d adj

wise, old

fro_d

frume n m

beginning, origin, cause

fruma

Lmn frume, Owl frume

~

fi_r n nt

fire

fi_ren adj ablaze, fiery, flaming

fy_r ~en

Orm fir, Lmn fur, SO fire, Ch fyr, MED fi_r

first adj, adv

first; firstly

fyrst (i)

PC1 first, PC2 fyrst, Orm firrst

ga_n v irr; y`e_de iga_n

go

aga_n adv, v ago; pass, go away

bega_n v traverse, surround, besiege, occupy

iga_n v undertake

gang n m path, passage, flow

gangen v s7; ge_ng ge_ngen igangen go, walk

igangen v reach, get; happen

ofergangen v traverse, transgress, overreach

genge n nt, suff, adj troop; goer; prevailing, effective, appropriate

gengen v w enter, go, run

bi_genge n m inhabitant, cultivator, worshipper

foregenge, foregengel n ancestor, forebear, predecessor

igenge n fellow traveller

ga_n gae_t`/ga_t` e_ode e_odon g`ega_n, gang, gangan (e_ e_ a) ofer~, gengan, genge, ~genga bi_~ fore~ g`e~

PC1 gad` geden/eodon, gangende, PC2 gaede/iaede ieden, genge, Orm gan gat` y`ede ~nn, ganngenn ofer~, genge, Ch go(o)(n) go(o)th/geth yede ~n (y)go(o)n

gader, to_gadere (~gedre) adv

together, jointly

gaderen v w gather, collect

gadeling n m kinsman, companion

y`ed n nt; y`eddes pl song, tale, speech

y`edden v w recite, speak, discuss

geador to_~gaedere aet~ (~gaedre), gadrian (er), gaedeling, g`iedd ~ian

PC1 togadere (e), PC2 togaedere, gadered, Orm togeddre, gaddrenn, Lmn gadere to~, gaedereden, gadelinges, y`eddes, AW togederes, gedered`, MED yed

1 2

ga_nen v w

gape, stare, yawn

ga_nian

Ch ganeth, MED gonen

ga_r n m

spear, javelin, dart, weapon; tempest

ga_r

Orm gare, MED gore

1 2

ga_st n m; ~lic adj

spirit, soul, breath; ghost, demon

gaesten v w terrify, torment

ga_st (ae_), gae_sten

Orm gast, Lmn gaest, agaste, AW gast, ageasten, MED gost, agasten

gest (y`est) n m

guest, visitor

g`iest,

gestr

PC2 gestes, Orm gessthus, AW gest, Ch gest

gleng n m/f

ornament

glengen v w adorn

gleng (ge)~an

MED gleng

God n m

God

God

PC2 Godes, Orm God(d), MED God

go_d adj, n m

good

go_den v w improve

ungo_d n m evil; villain

betere adj cmp better

betst (best) adj sp best

be_ten v w amend, make amends, repair, restore

bo_t n f remedy, amends, relief, benefit, salvation

de_dbo_t n penance, repentance

go_d ~ian un~, betera betst, be_tan, bo_t dae_d~

PC1 betst, PC2 god ~ed betere, Orm god bettre bettste bote daed~ betenn, AW god betere best bote, MED go_d ~en un~ best bo_t be_ten

gold n nt

gold

gilden v w; adj gild; golden

y`elew (y`elu y`elwe) adj; y`elwen v w yellow

gold gyldan, g`eolu g`eolwe g`eolwian

PC1 gildene, PC2 gold, Orm gold, gildene, Lmn gold, guldene, MED gilden, yelwe (y`eolow/y`eluwe) ~n

grim adj; ~me/~li_ce adv

fierce, savage, cruel

grimmen v s3; gram grummen igrummen rage, roar

gram adj angry, wrathful, hostile

grame n m anger, rage

gremen (a) v w enrage, provoke

grimm (y) grimness, grimman (a u u), gram ~a, (g`e)gremian

PC1 gremienne, Orm grimme, gramm, Lmn gram, AW grim ~liche grimme, gremien gremed`, MED grim, gram, gremen

~

grot n nt

piece, fragment, particle

meregrot n pearl

grot ~ig`, mere-gre_ot (-grot)

AW grot, SO grot, Ch grot

LL margarita

gru_nd n m

ground, foundation

gri_nden v s3; gra_nd gru_nden igru_nden grind

grund, grindan (a u u)

Orm grund, grindesst, Lmn grund, AW grinden, Ch ground, gryndeth ygrounde

gume n m

man, adult male

guma

Lmn gume, AW gume, MED gome

ME bridegome > ModE bridegroom

gu_t` n f, pref

war, battle, combat

gu_d`

Lmn gud`, MED gu_th

hafen (habben) v w (irr); hafde (hadde) ihafed

have

forhafen v abstain

nafen v not have

habban for~, haebbe haefst haeft` habbat`, haefde

PC2 hauen haefde/hadde hefden/hadden haved, Orm hafenn/habbenn hafe hafesst/haffst hafet`t` hafenn nafe haffde ~nn naffde ~nn, AW ihaved, Ch ha(ve)n hast hath ha(ve)n hadde ~n had

1 2

hafen n f

port, harbour, haven; property, possession

haefen

PC2 hauen, Lmn hauen haf(e)ne, Ch haven

1 2

ihagen (hagiy`en) v w intr

please, suit, fit; afford

onhagen v convenient, possible, afford

g`e~hagian on~

me_ ihaget` - it suits me; me_ to_ that ihaget` - I can afford it; me_ onhaget` - it's within my power

hage n m

enclosure, hedge; hawthorn, haw; trifle

hagt`orn n hawthorn

haga

Owl hay`e/hahe, Ch hawe

hagge (hay`tesse) n f

hag, witch, fury

haeg`-tes (~se)

AW haggen, MED hagge

1 2

ha_l adj

healthy, hale, whole, intact

halge n m; ~n pl saint

Alre Halgen E_fen n m All Saints' Eve, Halloween

halgen v w sanctify, hallow, ordain

ha_liy` adj; ~do_m n m holy

ha_liy`day` n m holy day, holiday

ha_lsum adj wholesome, nourishing

wes (t`u_) ha_l interj hello, greetings, good health, wassail

haele (haelt`) n f health, prosperity, safety, salvation

haelen v w; ~d n m heal, save

unhaelt` n insanity

ha_l ~ig` ~sum ~ig`daeg` ~ig`do_m, halg~a ~ian, hae_l~u ~d` ~an

PC1 halgan, aelre halgan maesse niht, PC2 halech~en ~ede, hali ~dom, Orm hal unn~summ, hally`h`e hally`h`enn, haliy` ~dom, haele haelenn, Lmn hal, haly`en, hali, haele haelen, AW hal, halhen, hali, heale healed`, Alle halhene dei, GC 1325 alle halwe eue (halwen tid), MED al-halwe(n)

ha_lden v s7; he_ld he_lden iha_lden

hold, keep; consider

atha_lden v restrain, hold back

beha_lden v behold

iheld n nt protection, custody

healdan aet~ be~(e_o e_o ea), (g`e)hield

PC2 halden held, Orm held ~enn, Lmn haelden bi-halded`, Ch holde(n) he(e)ld

halet` n m

warrior, hero

haele(t`) haelet`es

Lmn haeled` haled`es, MED heleth

half n/adj

half

healf

PC2 half, Orm hallf, Lmn half

halh n m; halges (hales)

corner, nook

healh (a) healas (e_a?)

Owl hale, MED hale

> ModE haugh (Nth) - meadow by a river

ha_m n m

home, house, dwelling, abode, manor; estate, hamlet

ha_m

PC1 ham, Orm ham, AW ham, Ch ho(o)m

hand n f

hand

ihende prep, adv near, next to; at hand

ofhende adj absent

ne_h at handes exp almost

hand, g`e~hende of~

Orm hannd, Lmn hond, Ch hand/hond

ihende is postpositional: he_ lay` his t`e_den ihende

hard adj; ~e adv

hard, fierce, bitter, vehement

hardlic adj stern, harsh, excessive

hardmo_d adj obstinate, brave

heard ~lic` ~mo_d

PC1 harde, Orm harrd, Owl hard

1 2

ha_t adj

hot

ha_t

Orm hat, AW hat, SO hot

ha_ten v s7; heht hehten (he_t) iha_ten

name, call; order, command

iha_ten, beha_ten v promise, vow, threaten

ha_tte ~st ~n; pass pr/pt; am/is/are/was called

o_netten v w hasten, hurry

o_rette n m warrior, champion, hero

ha_tan (e_ e_ a_) (heht) be~, hae_tst hae_tt (ha_test ha_tet`), ha_tte, o_nettan, o_retta

PC2 hatte gehaten, Orm (y`e)hatenn, Lmn hatet` hehte, hatte ihaten, AW hatte het/hight ihaten, MED onettan

hat`e~ pref

war, battle

head`u

he_ pron sg3 m nom

he

him m/nt acc/dat him, it

his m/nt gen his, its

it (hit) nt nom it

he_/hit hine/hit his him

PC2 he him his it (hit), Orm he him hiss itt (het), AW he hine his him hit, Ch it (hyt)

ratio is 15:1 for PC2 it:hit

1 2

haen adj

lowly, despised, abject, wretched

(i)haenen (he_nen) v w prostrate, abase, fell, humble; afflict, weaken, crush, injure, oppress; insult, accuse, condemn

he_an (g`e)hi_enan (y_/ae_/e_)

Lmn hene/haene haenen, AW heane heanen, MED he_n he_nen

haer n nt

hair

hae_r

Orm haer, Lmn her, Owl heare

hefe n m

weight, burden

hefen (hebbe hebben) v s6 irr; ho_f ho_fen ihefen lift, heave

hefiy` adj heavy, serious, grievous

hefiy`nes n f affliction

hefiy`ti_me adj burdesomen

hefiy`en v w tr/intr make heavy, grow heavy

ahefen v raise, lift up

oferhefen v neglect, overlook

hebban hebbe hefst heft` hebbat` ho_f ho_fon g`ehafen (e) hefe hefig` ~lic` ~nes ~ti_me

PC1 hefig heui, Orm hefenn hof hofenn hefiy` ~like ~liy`, AW heouen (hebben) iheuen heui

1 2

he_gen v w

perform, achieve

(g`e)he_gan

AW heie, MED heien

he_h (haeh) adj

high

he_ge adj w/adv high, up high

he_gen v w raise, lift, erect, exalt, extol

he_hlic adj noble, honourable

he_rre (he_hre, he_gere) adj cmp higher

he_hst (he_gest) adj sp highest

he_ht`e n f height

he_ah (he_h) hi_erra hiehst he_an hea_ht`u

PC2 heh ~lice, Orm heh hey`h`e hehhre hey`hesst hey`hedd, Lmn haehy`e ~re, SO heiy`e, Ch heygher, MED heigh heigher heien

helm n m

helmet, protection, defence, covering

helmen v w cover, crown

oferhelmen v overhang, overshadow

halle n f hall, manor

helen (be~) v s4; hal haelen iholen (helede) conceal, cover, hide

helle n f hell

helster n m concealment, hiding place, darkness

ihole n m protector, defender

helm ~ian ofer~ian, helan (ae ae_ o) be~ for~, heall (a), hell, heolstor, g`ehola

PC2 forholen, Orm forrholenn, helle, Lmn halm (ae) helmen, halle, helede, helle, Ch helm, halle, MED helen, heal(le), helle

help (~e) n m/f

help

helpen v s3; halp, hulpen iholpen help

help ~e helpan (a u o)

PC2 helpe, Orm hellpenn hallp hullpe hollpenn, Lmn helpen hulpe

~

hefen (hefn~) n m/f

heaven, sky

heofon heofnes

PC1 heofon heofne/heouene, Orm heffen (eo) heffness, Lmn heofne haeuene, MED heven

hert` n m

hearth, furnace

heort`

MED herth

here n m

army

sciphere n navy, fleet

heretoge n nt General, chieftain, commander

hergen, hery`en (on~) v w ravage, plunder, pillage, ransack, harry, harrow

forhergen v devastate

here her(i)g`as, heretoga, hergian (g`) on~ for~

PC1 here ~toga, hergon, Orm here, Lmn here ~toy`e, haery`ien (e), AW herhede, Ch harye, harwed (y), MED herien

1 2

he_r adv; ~bi_

here

henen (henne) adv hence, from here

hider adv hither, to here

he_r ~inne ~of ~on ~to_, heonon(e), hider

PC1 heonon (heonne), hider, PC2 her, Orm her, hiderr, Lmn her, hennen (eo), AW heonne, hider, MED he_r(e), henne(s) (henen), hider

he_ren v w; he_rde

hear

ihe_ren v accept, accede, obey

ihe_rsum adj obedient

he_rendes n pl audience

hi_eran (e_) g`e~, (g`e)hi_ersum

Orm herenn herrde, Lmn heren herde, Owl iheret`

~

herien v w; heriede (herede)

praise

heriendlic adj praiseworthy

herian herode, herig`endlic`

Lmn herien herey`ede, AW herien herede heriende, Ch herie heriest heryen heryed (i)heryed, MED herien (ihered/yheryed)

exception to rule - OE ~ian > eME ~en; cp ferien

~

hi_ (t`ey`) pron pl3 nom

they

hem acc/dat them

here gen their

hi_e hi_e heora (ie/i) him/heom, t`a_ t`ara

t`eir t`eira

PC2 hi her(e) heom, Orm t`ey`y` ~re, here (eo) hem, Lmn hi (eo/a) heore h(e)om, t`aie, Owl hi hore hom, PM hi, SO he her hem, t`ai, Ch they, hir/her(e) hem

hiy`e n m

mind, thought, disposition, intention, desire; heart, courage

ihiy`d n f/nt thought, reflection

hiy`diy` adj, suff mindful, minded; chaste

hogen (hicy`~) v w irr; hogede consider, think, intend, resolve

forhogen v despise, neglect, disregard

hiht n m hope, expectation

hig`e g`ehyg`d hyg`dig` (g`e)hyc`g`an hogian hogode for~, hyht

Orm hiy`, Lmn huy`e, hoy`ede, Owl hoy`et`, MED hie, houen

hyc`g`an was often replaced by hogian in other dialects and late West Saxon, and didn't survive to eME

hild n f

battle, combat, warfare

hild

hinden at~ be~ adv/prep

behind

hindren v w hinder

hindan aet~ be~, hindrian

Orm bihinndenn, AW bihinden, Ch hyndre, MED hinde bi~, hindren

la_f n m

bread, loaf

lafdiy` n f lady

la_ferd n m lord

hla_f (+ dig`e, weard >) hlae_fdig`e (a_) hla_ford

PC2 lauerd, Orm laf laffdiy` laferrd, Lmn laues lafdie/laeuedi lauerdinges, AW lave leafdi laverd

last n nt

burden, load

hlaest

Ch last, MED last

lu_d adj

loud

hlu_d

Lmn ludere, AW lud, Owl lud

ni_gen v s1; na_h nigen inigen

bow, bend, decline, sink, fall

underni_gen v acquiesce

hni_gan (a_ i i)

1 2 3 4

ho_f n m

hoof

ho_f

MED hof

ho_f n m

moderation, discretion, respect

ho_flaes adj immoderate, excessive

ho_f ~lauss

Orm hof hofelaes, AW hofles, MED hof ~les

beho_fen v w tr/intr impers

be necessary, be incumbent upon, be obligatory, behove

beho_fian

PC1 behofed`, PC2 behoued, Orm bihofet`t`, Ch bihouen

Beho_fet` t`e_ t`at to_ do_n - It is necessary for/ incumbent upon you to do that. Michel mete t`aer beho_fede - a lot of food was needed there.

~

1 2

holm n

holm, island, peninsula; river meadow; hill

holmr

Lmn holme, MED holm(e)

hope n nt

hope, trust, confidence

hopen v w hope

hopa hopian

Orm hope, Lmn hope, AW hope hopien, MED hope hopen

hord n nt

hoard, treasure

hordere n treasurer, chamberlain

hord ~ere

PC2 horder-wican, Orm hord, AW hord

rake n m

throat, jaw

hraca/hrace (hracu)

AW rake, MED rake

rat`e adv; ~r cmp ~st sp

hastily, quickly, promptly, soon

rad adj, pref quick, prompt, active, nimble

hrad`e hrad`or, hraed (t`)

Orm rat`e, Lmn rad`e, raed, Owl rat`e, rad

redden v w; redde ired; a~

save, rescue, recover, deliver, set free

hreddan a_~

Orm reddenn redde, AW redd, MED redden

re_den v s2; raed ruden iroden

adorn

hre_odan (e_a u o)

re_wen v s2 tr; raew ruwen irowen

distress, grieve

re_w n f; ~ful regret, sorrow, penitence

re_wlic adj; ~nes grievous, pitiful

re_wsen v w intr repent, feel pity, feel sorrow

hre_ow ~an (ea_ u o) ~(s)ian ~lic` ~ful

Orm reowet`t` raew, AW reowed`, Ch rewe, MED reuen reusen

me_ re_wet`: I regret

~

re_t` n m

victory, glory, fame, triumph, honour

re_t`en v w exult, rejoice

ro_t`~ pref glory, fame

ro_t`y`erele n crown

hre_d` hre_d`an hro_d`g`irela ro_d`hund Hro_t`gar

Rodger, Roger

hrod`- is only found in proper names and a couple of compound words

ri_nen v s1; ra_n rinen irinen

touch

unri_nendlic adj untouchable

hri_nan (a_ i i)

Orm ran, AW rinen ran, MED ri_nen

ring n m

ring; link, fetter

ringen v w ringde iringed; s3 rang rungen i`rungen provide with rings; surround; ring, sound

hring ~an

PC1 ringden, Orm ringenn, Lmn ringe ringeden (rongen) i-rungen, MED ringen (rang/ringde rungen/ironge)

hringan is weak in OE; strong forms by analogy with singen from 1225

risen v w

shudder, tremble

hrisian

Lmn rusien riseden, AW risede

ri_s n nt

twig, branch

hri_s

AW ris, SO ris, MED ri_s

ro_t`er n m

joy, pleasure, solace, benefit

hrod`or

hu_ interrog adv, conj

how

hu_

Orm hu, Lmn hu, MED hou

ProtG *hwo_ - instrumental of *hwaz (> hwa_ hwat)

~

hund num; ~red

hundred

hund ~red

PC1 hund ~red, Orm hunndredd, Lmn hund ~red

hu_nd n m

dog

hund

Orm hundess, Lmn hund, AW hund, Ch hound

hunte n m

hunter

hunten v w hunt

hunting n prey

hunt~a ~ian

Orm hunnt~e ~enn, Ch hunt~e ~en

hu_s n nt

house; inn; temple

hu_s

PC2 hus, Orm hus, MED hous

hwa_ pron interrog/rel m/f

who

hwat nt, interj what; indeed, behold, lo

hwa_m (hwam, hwaem) acc/dat whom

hwa_s (hwas) gen whose

hwi_ inst, interj why; well then

ihwa_, ey`hwa_ pron anyone; everyone, each

na_t-hwa_ adj/pron someone

hwa_ swa_ pron rel who(so)ever

ihwat, ey`hwat pron anything; everything, each

na_t-hwat pron something

hwat-hwuge adv somewhat, slightly

hwa_ hwaet hwone hwaes hwae_m (a_) hwy_/hwon, g`e~hwa_ ae_g`~ na_t~ ~ swa_, g`e~hwaet ae_g`~ na_t~

PC1 hwa, PC2 wua wat, Orm wha whatt whamm whas whi, Lmn wha whaet wham whes whi, AW hwa hwet hwam hwas hwi, SO wham, Ch who what whom whoos why

eME hwa_s - assimilation to the vowel of hwa_

hwanne (hwan, hwonne) adv, conj

when

hwonne (a/ae/e)

PC1 hwonne, Orm whann(e), AW hwen(ne) (whonne), Owl hwan won(e), Ch whan(ne)

1 2

hwat adj

active, brisk, quick, prompt, sharp, eager, bold

hwataediy` adj very brave

hwatmo_d adj brave, courageous

hwatnes, hwatscipe adj activity, vigour, courage

hwaet

Lmn whaete, TH hwat, MED what

hwaerinterrog adv, conj

where

ihwaer, ey`hwaer adv anywhere, everywhere

na_t-hwaer adv somewhere

nohwaer adv nowhere

hwaerfore interrog adv, conj why, for that reason

hwaerof conj whereby, regarding which

hwaer swa_ conj wherever

hwenen adv, conj whence, from where

hwider adv, conj whither, to where

nohwider adv, conj to nowhere, in no direction

hwae_r aeg`~ ge~ na_~ na_t~ ~ swa_, hwanon(e), hwider na_~

PC1 hwaer ge~ aeg~, PC2 nowiderwardes, Orm whaer ey`y`~ ~off nowwhar, Lmn wheonene, AW hwer no~ i~ ei~ ~fore, hweonene (hwenne), hwider no~, Ch whenne(s), whider

hwenen is a special cases - matches t`enen and henen

hwerfen v s3; hwarf hwurfen ihworfen

turn, change; roam, move about

athwerfen v return

hwarfen v w roll, revolve

hwarf n m crowd, troop; concourse, exchange

hwarftlen, hwirflen v w whirl

hwirfel n m; ~po_l circuit, whirl

hwirft n m rotation, course, orbit

umbhwirft n circumference, circuit; region, district

hweorfan (a u o) aet~, hwierfan hwearfian, hwearftlen, hwyrfel hwyrflian hwirflic`e hwyrfepo_l, hwyrft ymb~

Orm wharrfenn wharrfedd, HR 1175 hwurfon, Lmn whaeruen whaerfde, Ch whirle, MED wharven (hwarefen), whirlen, whirftlen, umbhwirft

hwet`er (hwat`er) pron, conj, adj, det

whether, which of two

hwet`ere adv however, nevertheless

hwet`eres pron gen whose, of which

ihwet`er, ey`hwet`er, ey`t`er adj, pron either, both, each; either one, each one

ey`t`er y`e A y`e B both A and B

na_hwet`er, nowt`er adj, pron neither

hwaet`er ~e ae_g`~ (ae_g`d`er) g`e~ na_~ (na_wt`er no_wt`er)

PC1 hwed`er aegd`er ~ y`e y`e nout`er, Orm whet`t`r ey`y`t`err nowwt`err, AW hwet`er ~es eid`er nowd`er, Owl hwet`er (a) eit`er not`er

hwi_l n f

time, occasion

hwi_le conj, adv while; meanwhile

hwi_lum formerly, once; sometimes

hwi_l ~e ~um

PC1 hwile, hwilon, PC2 wile, Orm whil ~e ~umm, AW hwi_l ~e, MED whilom

hwilc adj/pron

which

ihwilc, ey`hwilc, aelc adj, pron each, any, every; each one, everyone

na_t-hwilc pron someone

hwilc` (e/y) ae_g`~ g`e~ nat~, ae_lc`

PC2 hwilc aelc, Orm whillc illc, AW hwuch, Lmn aelc(he)

OE hwa_ + li_c` > hwilc`; a_ + g`e + hwilc` > ae_g`hwilc` > aelc`; cp swilc

hwi_t adj/n nt

white, albumen

hwi_t ~an

PC1 hwites, AW hwit, Owl hwit, Ch whit (y)

hwo_n adj, n, adv

little, few; trifle; somewhat

hwo_n

MED who_n

~

hil n m

hill

hilles gen/pl hills, hill's

hyll (hyl)

Orm hill, Lmn hul hulles hulle, Ch hil (hill), MED hil(le)

hirst n f, suff

hillock; wood, grove; ~hurst

hyrst

MED hirst(e)

ic (I_) pron sg1 nom

I

me_ acc/dat me

mi_n (mi_) gen my, mine

ic` me_ mi_n

PC1 me min(e), PC2 i, Orm icc (I) me min(e) (mi), Lmn ich (ic) me min(e) (mi), Ch ich/I/y me my/myn(e)

ON ek; mi_n behaves like an adjective, hence - mi_ne dat/pl; mi_ is generally used before a consonant

ilke adj

same

ilca

PC2 ilc(e), Orm illke, AW ilke, Ch ilk(e)

in prep/adv

in

inne(n) adv/prep inside, within

innere adj cmp inner, interior

innerscip n internship

in innan inne innera innian

PC2 in inne(n), Orm inn/i inne, MED in (i) inne innen

i often found before consonants; see also bord, fratwe, werpen

in (inn) n m

inn, lodgings, dwelling; apartment, chamber

innes gen/pl inns

inn (in)

PC1 in, Orm inn, Lmn in innes

1 2

1 2

i_ren (i_sern) n nt, adj

iron; sword, weapon, fetter, instrument

i_sen (i_ren/i_sern)

PC2 iren, Orm irenn, AW ir(e)n, MED i_ren

y`are (y`aru y`arwe) adj

ready, prepared, fitted, complete; eager

y`arwe n f; adv equipment, clothing, gear; readily, surely

y`arwen v w construct, erect; procure, supply

y`erwen v w prepare, equip, adorn; clothe, dress; cook

bey`arwen v armour

g`earo gearwes g`earwian g`ierwan (y)

PC1 gare, Lmn y`are y`arewe y`aerwen, Owl y`are y`arewe, MED yare yaren

y`ard n m

yard, enclosure

middeny`ard n world, earth

g`eard middan~

PC2 iaerd, Ch ye(e)rd, MED yerd (y`arde)

~

y`a_ten (y`ett~) v w; y`a_tede/y`a_tte

convey, give, grant, allow

ja_ta ja_tta

PC1 geatte/iaette getton/ietten, Orm y`atenn y`atte y`atedd, AW y`etted` y`ettede, MED yeten (y`etten/yate)

y`e_ pron pl2

you, you all

y`ow acc you

y`owre gen your

y`it dual you, you two

ink acc you, you two

inker gen your, your two

g`e_ e_ow (iuh) e_ower (iuer), g`it inc incer

PC1 ge iure, Orm y`e y`uw y`ure, y`itt y`unc y`unnkerr, Lmn y`e y`eow eower, y`it inc incker, AW y`e ow ower, inc incker, SO y`ou y`our, Ch yow youre, MED ink inker

y`ae, y`e_se adv

yes, yea, yeah

y`aeten v w confirm, say yes, consent

andy`aeten v w acknowledge, profess; confess

y`aetelaes adj trucculent

g`e_a ~tan, g`e_se

Orm y`a, y`aetenn, anndgaetenn (y`) anndy`aetnesse, y`aetelaes, Lmn y`use, AW y`e, y`es, Ch ye, yis, MED ye (yea), yis, and-y`ae_ten

~

y`aen prep

against, facing, toward, in regard to

ay`aen, ony`aen adv again, back

ay`aenes, ony`aenes, to_y`aenes prep against

g`e_an on~ to_~es

PC2 agaenes (e) togaenes, Orm y`aen onn~ onn~ess, Lmn ay`aen ay`e(i)nes to-y`eines

g`e_an in exchange for, in contrast to, in expectation of

y`aer n nt/m

year

g`e_ar

PC2 gaer, Orm y`er y`aeress, Lmn y`er y`earen, PH3 y`eare

1 2 3

y`efen (y`if~) v s5; y`af y`aefen iy`efen

give

y`efe n m gift, bribe

ay`efen v surrender, deliver, restore, grant

fory`efen v; ~y`efnes n f forgive, offer

gafol n nt tribute, tax, duty

y`ifet`e adj, n nt allotted; fate

y`ift n nt/f gift, dowry, price

g`iefan (ea e_a ie) for~, g`iefu, forg`iefnes, gafol, g`ifed`e, g`ift

PC1 gifene iaef/g(e)af iaefen/g(e)auen gyfene/giuen, gaule, PC2 gyuen/iiuen iaf (a)iauen (f), Orm y`ifenn for~ (g) y`aff (g) y`aefenn (g) y`ifenn (g) y`ife` (g), Lmn y`euen, gauel, y`iued`e, y`ift, Ch yeve(n) yaf yave(n)/yeve (y)yeven, yifte, MED yeven a~

y`e_lden v s3; y`ald y`ulden (g) iy`olden (g)

pay

ay`e_lden v surrender, yield, cede

fory`e_lden v compensate, reward, requite, reimburse

y`e_ld n nt payment, tax, tribute

wery`e_ld n compensation for a man's life

gild (y`ild) n nt guild, association, brotherhood

gilde n m member

g`ieldan (ea gu go) a_~ for~, g`ield wergild, (g`e)gild

PC1 geold, PC2 gaeildes, Orm y`eldenn y`oldenn (g), y`eldess, AW y`elden y`eald, y`eld, Ch yelden yald iyolden, MED gild(e) (yild), wer-geld, ye_lden a~ for~

MED has three entries for gilde from 12th c

g`ieldan reward, requite, render; worship, serve, sacrifice to; punish

y`emen v w

care, care for, heal; take notice, take heed

y`eme n care

y`emelaes adj careless

y`emelaest n neglect

g`ieman g`ieme ~le_as ~le_aslic` ~le_ast

PC1 to geamene, Orm y`emenn y`emelaeste, AW y`emen y`emeles ~liche, MED yemen

y`estren adv; ~e_fen ~niht

yesterday

g`iestran ~ae_fen ~niht

Lmn y`urstendaei, Ayb yesteneuen, MED yester ~dai (y`esterndai/yhistredai)

y`eten v s5; y`at y`aeten y`eten

get, grasp

andy`eten, ony`eten, undery`eten v understand, perceive

andy`et n intellect, perception, knowledge; meaning, interpretation

bey`eten v get, receive; beget, produce

aet`bey`aete adj easy to get

fory`eten v forget

g`ietan (ea e_a ie) and~ be~ for~ on~ under~, andg`iet (i)

PC1 begeaton beieten, PC2 begaet, undergaeton, Orm anndgaetenn, bigatt biy`etenn, forry`etet`t`, Lmn on-y`iten any`aet, biy`iten bi-y`eted` biy`eat bi-y`aeten, fory`eten, vnder-y`at under-y`etene, AW bi~y`eoten for~ under~, MED andy`it, ony`iten, biyeten, foryeten, underyeten

OE g`ietan is rare; beg`ietan is the usual form

y`e_t adv

yet, still

t`a_y`e_t adv further

g`i_et

Orm y`et, Lmn y`et, AW y`et

~

y`e_ten v s2; y`aet y`uten iy`oten

pour, spill, emit, inject

g`e_otan (g`e_a gu go)

Orm y`etenn y`otenn, Lmn y`eoten igote, AW y`eotted` y`eat iy`otten (g)

y`if conj

if

g`if

PC2 gif, Orm y`iff, Lmn y`if

~ ~

y`ond prep, adv, pref

through, throughout, over, across

y`onden, bey`onde prep/adv beyond

y`on adv, adj there; that, distant, yonder

g`eond (be)~an (be~e), g`eon

PC1 be geondon, PC2 beionde, Orm biy`onndenn, Lmn y`eon, Ch biyonde, yon

y`u_ adv

already, formerly, earlier, once, in days of yore

g`e_o (iu_)

BH iu, MED yu_

y`ung adj

young

y`uget` n f youth, band of young retainers

g`eong (iung), g`eogut`

PC2 iunge, Orm y`ung, Lmn y`unge, y`uy`ed`e, AW y`ung, y`uhed`e

key` n f

key

cae_g`

BB 1175 caey`e, WA 1225 keie, Ch keye, MED keie

king (kining) n m

king

kine~ pref royal

kinelic adj royal

kinehelm n m crown, diadem

kin n nt; kinnes, kinne family, kin, kindred, race, stock; kinsman; gender

ki_nd n nt/f; ~elic kind, type, species, genus; character, properties, qualities; generation, birth, origin

iki_nd n nt/f; ~elic nature, living things

iki_nde adj natural, innate; suitable

kennen v w conceive, procreate, beget, produce, create, give birth to; nominate, attribute, assign

kennendlic adj genital

cyning ~do_m, cyne~ ~do_m ~lic`, cyn(n), cynd g`e~e, cenn~an ~end ~endlic ~estre ~ung

PC1 cining king, PC2 king, Orm kingess kinge kinn kinedom mankinne kinde, Lmn king cun ~nes (k) ~ne kine-lond i-cunde kennen

kinges sune Henri_es - King Henry's son

land (e) n nt

land, country

ellende, elelendisc adj alien, foreign, strange, exiled

land (o) ellende ele-lendisc

PC2 land ~es, Orm land ~e, MED lond el-lendish

la_ng adj; ~e adv

long

ila_ng, ilenge adj dependent, belonging, related, akin; addicted; at hand

andla_ng adj/prep entire, continuous, extended; along, beside

la_ngen v w long for, yearn

la_nget` n m longing, anxiety

leng adv longer

lengre adj cmp; sp lengest longer

lenge, lengt`e n f length

lang ~e ~ot` ~ian, and~, leng ~ra ~est ~(t`)u, g`elang g`elenge

PC1 lengt`e, PC2 lang, leng, Orm lang, Lmn long an ~, leng, SO leng ~er,Hav andelong

1 2

last n m

footprint, track, trace, spoor; gait, step; pursuit

on laste exp after, behind, in pursuit

ilast n nt observance, accomplishment; duty, obligation, vow

lasten (ilaesten) v perform, accomplish, fulfill; last, endure

ilastful adj helpful, serviceable

laered adj learned, educated; clerical

laeren v w teach, instruct, advise, enjoin, persuade

ilaeren v convert

laesten v w follow, serve

la_re n f lore, teaching, instruction

lernen v w learn

lerningcniht n m disciple

list n m/f skill, cunning

la_st g`ela_st ~ful, lae_stan g`e~, lae_ran g`e~, la_r, leornian, list

PC2 lastede, lered, Orm lasstenn, laerenn, lare, le(o)rnenn, Lmn lasten (ae) i~, lare, liste, AW leasten, learen, lare, leornin, liste, Ch laste(n), lerne(n), NED last lastfull

'a_' is shortened in lOE before 'st'

last n f

fault, defect

laest

Orm lasst, Lmn last, MED last

ON löstr

1 2

la_t` adj; n nt

loathsome, hateful, hostile; pain, injury, insult

la_t`en v w tr/intr loathe, be loathed

la_t`lic adj ugly, detestable, disgusting, horrible, repulsive, unpleasant

la_th

PC1 lad`, Orm lat`, Ch lo(o)th

~

1 2

1 2

laed n nt

lead, metal

le_ad

Lmn laed, Ch le(e)d

laeden n nt

Latin, language, utterance

lae_den (e_)

Lmn leoden, AW leden

1 2

laef n nt

leaf

le_af

Orm laefess, Lmn leaf, Ch le(e)f

1 2 3 4

laes adj

disloyal, deceitful, false; lax; worthless

le_as

Lmn leas (ae), AW leas

laesew (laes laeswes) n f

pasture

lae_s lae_swe (e_)

PC1 laeswe, Lmn leswa, AW lesewen

OE fem wo-stem; rel scadew medew

1 2

~

1 2 3

laeten v s7; le_t le_ten ilaeten

let, allow, cause; bequeath, assign

alaeten v forsake, resign, give up, leave

forlaeten v relinquish, abandon, neglect

lat adj; ~e adv sluggish, slow, reluctant, lax, late

latest adj/adv slowest, latest, last

laten v w linger, delay, hesitate

letten v w; lette hinder, delay, resist

lae_tan (e_ e_ ae_) a~ for~, laet ~ra ~est, lat~e ~or ~ost, (g`e)lettan

PC1 laeten, PC2 leten let/laet, Orm laetenn let letenn, làte, lettet`t`, Lmn late, letted`, AW lat (e), letten, Owl forlete, MED lat(e) latest(e)

ilaete n m

expression, manner, bearing

g`elae_te

Owl ilete lete, MED ilete

~

le_d n m

man, compatriot

le_de n f pl people, nation, country

le_den n nt language

le_od ~e, lae_den (e_o/y_)

PC1 leod ~e, Orm led ~e, Lmn leod ~e ~en, AW ledene, Gaw lede

le_f

dear

le_fe (ae) n f leave, permission

le_fen v w allow, permit, grant, concede

ile_fe (ae) n m belief, faith

ile_fen v w believe, trust

ile_flic (ae) n m believable, credible

lof n nt; ~en v w glory, renown; praise

lufe n f; ~n v w love

lufsum adj lovable, delightful

oferlufe n adulation

le_of, le_af li_efan, g`ele_af~a ~lic` g`eli_efan, lof ~ian, lufu luf~ian ~sum

PC2 luue luueden luued, Orm lef, lefe, laefe lefenn, loff lofenn, lufe lufenn luffsumm, Lmn leof, lefuen i-leuen, lof, lufde, AW leuet` leuede lefden, leaf ileuen, unlefliche, MED le_f, leve le_ven, lof

le_fer me_ waere - I'd rather; me_ is le_f - I prefer

~

le_sen (on~) v w; le_sede

release, loosen, liberate, redeem, deliver

bele_sen v s2 deprive

forle_sen v s2; laes luren iloren lose, abandon; ruin, wear out

laes adj; suff ~without, devoid of, bereft of; ~less

na_t`elaes adv/conj nonetheless, nevertheless, notwithstanding

losen v w escape, be lost; fail; perish

li_esan on~, forle_osan (e_a u o), le_as, losian, na_d`y_lae_s (na_d`e~)

PC1 losedan, PC2 forles forloren, Orm lesenn, Lmn leosen laes iloren forlorene, losien losede ilosed, AW lesen, leosen leas iloren forlore, losen losede iloset, na t`e les, Ch leesen yloren, loste, nathelees, MED le_sen

li_c n nt

body, corpse; form, likeness

~lic adjectival suff ~ly, like

~li_ce adverbial suff ~ly

ili_c adj; ~nes nsimilar, alike

li_ken v w please, appeal

li_c`, lic` li_c`e, g`eli_c` ~nes, li_cian (c`)

PC2 lic, lic ~e, Orm lic(h), licc likk, lice like, liccness, likenn, Lmn iliche, lik(i)en, AW lich, ilich (i)licnesse, liked`, MED lich, lic ~e, ilich, li_ken

li_f n m

life

lifen (libbe libben) v w live

andlifen n f sustenance, nourishment, food

on li_fe, ali_fe adj alive

bi_li_fe adv vigorously, swiftly

li_ffasten v w quicken, enliven, endow with life

la_f n f remainder, relic, survivors

laefen (be~) v w leave, abandon, cease

li_f, libban (lifian) libbe lifast (eo) lifat` (eo) libbat` lifde (leofode), andleofen, (g`e)~faestan g`e~faestnian, la_f, lae_fan

PC1 laeuede, PC2 liuen liuede, Orm lif, libbenn lifet`t` lifenn, bilife, bilefenn, Lmn lif, libben/liuien libbe/liuie/leouie liuet`/leoued` lifde/leofede, biliue, laue, (bi-)laeuen laefde, AW liuien/libben liuie/libbe liued` liuede, laue, leauen (bi)leaued` leafde, SO liif, live, blive

~

liht (le_ht) n nt, adj

light; bright, clear

lihten v w tr/intr light, illuminate; grow light

le_me n m brightness, ray, beam

ley` n m flame, fire

li_xan v w shine, flash, glitter, gleam

le_oht (li_ht), li_htan (e_o), li_eg` (e_), le_oma, li_xan

PC2 lihtede, Orm lihht, le(o)m(e), AW liht, lei, leome, Owl liy`t, MED lei (ley`), le_m(e)

~

limpen v s3; lamp lumpen ilumpen

happen, occur, befall

belimpen v concern, regard, belong to; befit

ilimp n nt accident; event, occurrence

(g`e)limpan be~ (a u u), g`elimp

PC2 belamp, AW limp~ed` lomp, MED limpen, bi~

limpan belong to, suit, befit, concern

linnen v s3; lan lunnen ilunnen

cease, desist; lose, yield

linnan (a u u)

MED linnen

lion (le_ le_nes) n m

lion

le_o le_ones

Orm le leness leo leoness (eu), Lmn leo(n) liun lyon, AW liun ~s, SO lyouns, Ch leon lyoun ~s, MED lioun

L leo ~nis gen > AN lion

1 2

li_t`en v s1; la_t` lit`en ilit`en

sail, travel, voyage

la_d (~e) n f way, course; leading, carrying

laeden v w; ledde iled lead, guide, trace; bring, carry

belaeden v lead astray, seduce

lid n nt ship

lide, li_t`end n m sailor, sea-farer

li_t`an (a_ i i) li_t`end, la_d, lae_dan be~, lid ~a

PC2 laed ledden, Orm lit`enn, ledenn ledde, Lmn lid`en lad` ilid`en, laeden lede, AW lade, MED li_then

li_t`e adj/adv

gentle, soft, mild, gracious kind

ili_t`en v w accustom, incline

li_t`iy` adj lithe, flexible, supple

li_t`iy`en v w soften, alleviate, assuage, calm, appease

li_t`e li_t`ig` ~ian g`elit`ian

Orm lit`e, Lmn lid`e, Ch lythe, MED li_then

e

liy`en (licy`~) v s5; lay` laegen iley`en

lie, remain

ley`en (lecy`~) v w; ley`de lay, place

aley`en v allay, suppress

ley`er n nt lair, bed, grave

orley`e n nt conflict, war, battle

lage n f; ~lic law, ordinance, regulation

-lege suff, n f extent

alderlege n destiny, death

ferhlege n life, lifetime

lic`g`an (ae ae_ e) lic`g`e lig`st lig`t` (i_), lec`g`an a~ leg`de (ae), leg`er, orleg`e, lagu, legu alder~ feorh~

PC1 laei (g) laegen, PC2 lien lai, laeide, Orm lit` lay`y`, leggenn ley`y`et`t` ley`y`de, lay`h`e, Lmn liggen lid` lai laeien ileien, leggen leide, lay`e, AW liggen lid` lei leien ilein, legge leid` leide, lahe, Ch lye(n) (liggen), leye (leggen) leyde (a), MED leir, leien 1200

~ ~ ~ ~ ~

lift n m/f/nt

air, atmosphere

lyft

PC1 lyft, Orm lifft, AW luft, MED lift

listen v w

please

(g`e)lystan

Orm lisste, Owl lust, Ch list

me_ bet listeth - I prefer

li_t n, adv

little, few; a few, a small number

laes n, adv cmp less

li_tel (little) adj, adv little, small, short; slightly

laesse adj cmp littler, smaller; lesser, fewer; inferior

laest adj/adv sp least

t`e laeste conj lest, in case, that not

li_thwo_n adv/n a little, very few

li_tlen v w intr diminish, lessen

lu_ten v s2; laet luten iloten bend, stoop, bow, prostrate; submit, worship

ly_t, ly_tel lae_ssa lae_st t`e ~e, ly_tlian, lu_tan (e_a u o)

PC2 litel, Orm litell little lasse, laeste, lutenn, Lmn lut(e), luttel lut(el)le lasse, AW lut(e) leasse least, lutel lutle, luten leat, SO lite, Ch lite lesse/lasse, litel, leest, MED louten

the two OE forms lae_s adv and lae_ssa adj merge in ME; evident in AW, but no examples in PC2 or Orm

1 2

1 2

man n m, pron; mannes gen manne dat

person, human, man; one, someone

menpl; mennes gen people, humans

mennisc adj human

menniscnes, menniscla_k n f humanity, incarnation

man(n) mannes men(n) manna mannum, menn~isc ~(lic`)nes

PC2 man mannes men, Orm mann ~ess ~e menn ~ess mennisske mennisscley`y`c, Ch man mannes men mennes, MED man mennish

to_ manne - in human form

ama_ng prep

among; during

ima_ng n nt mixture, union; crowd

g`emang in/on ~ (amang)

PC2 enmang, Orm amang, Owl among

maniy` adj

many

meniy`e n f multitude

manig`, menig`u

PC2 mani(e), Orm maniy`, Lmn manie, HR meniu

mark n f; ~en v w

mark, sign, line; boundary, limit

marce n f border, borderlands, frontier

Merce n nt pl Mercia

mearc ~a ~ian g`e~, Mierc`e ~isc

Orm merrke, Lmn marken, AW mearke (e), Ch mark, MED mark, march(e)

OE mearc nom mearce acc/gen/dat; ME march(e) from 1225; OFrank > OF marche

masse n f

mass, church festival

Cri_stes masse n Christmas

maesse (e) ~daeg`, Cri_stes ~

PC2 massedaei messe dei, Orm messe~day`y` ~boc, Lmn maesse masse-preostes, Owl masse, Ch masse

mat`el n nt

council, meeting, assembly; advice; speech, interview

mat`elen v w talk, speak, harangue, make a speech

maet`el mat`elian (ea)

AW mead`el~ed` (a), MED mathelen

ma_t`em (madem) n m

treasure, ornament, jewel, gift

imaene adj, adv common, public; together, in common

ma_n n nt crime, wickedness, guilt, sin

ma_na_t` n m perjury, false oath

ima_ne n m community, fellowship, companionship

ma_d`um (ma_dm) ma_d`mes, (g`e)mae_ne, ma_n g`ema_na

PC1 madman, Orm maddmess, imaen, man ~at`, Lmn mad`mes madmes, imane, AW imeane, MED madmes, imene, mon, imone

1 2

May` n m

May

PC1 Maies, Lmn Maei, SO Mai, Ch May

L Maius, AN Mai

1 2

mael n nt

period of time, occasion; meal, feast; mark, sign, cross, ornament

daelmael adv piecemeal, bit by bit

mae_l dae_l~um

PC1 mael (e), Orm maeless, Lmn mael mele, HA dae_lmae_le

maelen v w

speak, talk, discuss, narrate, make a speech

mae_lan

Orm maelenn, AW mealed` mealde, MED melen

1 2

maenen v w

mean, intend; lament, bemoan, complain

mae_nan

Orm menenn, AW meanen, MED menen

maere adj

famous, illustrious

maeren v w celebrate, proclaim

maert`e n f fame, glory, exploit

mae_r~e ~an ~d`u

PC2 maere, Orm maere, Lmn maere, MED mere merthe (maerd`e)

maet` n f

measure, proportion; restraint, self-discipline, temperance, moderation; capacity, ability

maet`en v w restrain, quell, regulate

unmaet` n intemperance, excess

maet`laes n unrestrained, importunate

maet`lic, maet`ful adj temperate, moderate, abstemious

unmaet`lic adj severe

unmaet`li_ce adv exceedingly

mae_t` ~lic ~ful ~le_as (g`e)~ian

Orm maet`, Lmn maed`e, AW mead` un~ ~ful ~leas un~lich

mey` n m

kinsman, relation, parent

mey`raeden n affinity, friendship

mey`t` n f clan, tribe, nation, stock, race, people

mage n m, pref son, young man; youthful

macy` (~e) n m man; disciple

ma_ge n f kinswoman, female relative

may`den n nt girl, virgin, maiden; maid, servant

may`t` n f maiden, woman

mae_g` (e_) ma_gas (e_) mae_g`rae_den mae_g`d` (h), magu/maga, maec`g`(a), ma_ge, maeg`den maeg`t`

PC1 maei, Orm may`y`t`e, may`y`denn, Lmn maei meies, may`e, maiden, BH maey`d`a, mage, Ch mayden, MED mei maeith, moue (may`he)

1 2

me_d n f

reward, endowment, compensation, wages, pay, price, bribe, gift

me_d

Orm mede, AW mede, Ch mede, MED me_de

ime_de n nt, adj

consent, permission, agreement, covenant; agreeable, pleasant, adequate, suitable

a_nme_de n unanimity, concord

g`e~me_de a_n~

MED mede

medeme adj

middling, average; sufficient, considerable, respectable, fit, proper, worthy, trustworthy

medemen v w mete out, allot, assign; moderate; respect, honour; condescend

imedemen v advance, promote

medemlic adj moderate, mediocre, incomplete; adequate, suitable

medemlicnes n f mediocrity

medemnes n dignity, worth; condescension

medem~e (g`e)~ian ~lic` ~lic`nes ~nes

MED medeme ~n

melden v w

to announce, declare, proclaim; divulge, reveal, evince; inform against, call to account, accuse

meldian

MED melden

1 2

mere n f

mare, female horse

miere (e)

Owl mere, Ch mere

1 2

mete n m

food

aefenmete n dinner, evening meal

morgenmete n breakfast

mete, morgen~ ae_fen~

Orm mete, Lmn mete, AW mete

meten v s5; mat maeten imeten

measure, mete; traverse

met n nt measure, size, quantity; means, power

imet adj proper, suitable

metend (meted) n m measurer; God, fate

maete adj small, moderate, inferior

metan (ae ae_ e), (g`e)met, Metod, mae_te

Orm mett, Lmn mete, AW metet`, met, MED meten (mat)

me_ten v w; me_tte ime_ted/me_t

meet

imo_t n nt meeting, assembly, discussion, debate; forum, social media group

me_tan me_tte g`eme_ted/met(t), g`emo_t

PC1 mot, Lmn mete mette, AW mot, Owl mot, Ch meeten (mete) met, MED me_ten

micel (micl/mikel) adj/adv/n

big, great, intense; much, many

miclen v w increase, magnify

micellic adj magnificent, splendid, grand

micelnes n size; multitude, abundance; magnificence

ma_ cmp adv/n (adj) more; longer, further; in addition, besides

ma_re cmp adj/n (adv) bigger, larger; greater, stronger, more important; more

maest, ma_st sp adj/adv greatest; most, mostly

na_ ma_ adv anymore

u_tmaest (a_) adj utmost, extreme

mic`el (y) mic(c)le mic`el~e ~ian ~lic ~nes, ma_ ma_ra, mae_st (a_) u_t~

PC1 maest, PC2 micel, ma mare, Orm mikell miccle, ma mare mast, Lmn ma mare maest, AW meast, SO mest/mast, Ch muchel (mikel), mo(o) mo(o)re mo(o)st

According to Clark Hall there were two distinct series in OE, adjectival - mic`el ma_ra mae_st, and adverbial - micle ma_ mae_st. These merged in ME where both 'ma_' and 'ma_re' are used as adjectives and adverbs. Compare ME 'ma_re' which can mean 'bigger', 'bigger person or thing', 'bigger number or amount' and 'to a greater extent', with the ModE reflex 'more' which is only used in the latter two senses. ModE 'mo' (from 'ma_') is obsolete or dialectal.

1 2

mid prep, adv

with, by means of, during; at the same time

mid t`aem t`e conj when, while

mid, ~ t`ae_m t`e

PC2 mid, Orm midd, Lmn mid

midde (midden, mid) adj, n f, pref

mid, middle, midway, centre

onmidden, to_middes (amidde) prep, adv amid, amidst; in the midst

middel n nt, adj middle, waist; intermediate

midlen n nt town centre

midd ~an ~e ~el, on~an to_~es, ~an-g`eard, midlen

PC2 midewintredai, Lmn mid-festen middenerde a-midde, Owl amidde

mi_l (mi_le) n f

mile

mi_l

PC1 mile, Orm mile, Lmn mile

mis~ pref

mis~, badly, wrongly, awry, askew

mislic adj various, diverse, unlike

mis~ ~do_n, ~lic`

~do_n

mo_d n m

heart, mind, mood, spirit

mo_diy` adj spirited, daring, bold, courageous

mo_diy`lic, mo_dful adj proud, haughty

mo_diy`nes n pride, arrogance

a_nmo_dlic adj unanimous, consensual, accordant, concordant, like-minded, of one accord

micelmo_d adj magnanimous

a_nme_dle n nt arrogance, presumption; pomp

mo_d ~ful ~ig` ~ig`lic`, anme_dla

Orm mod ~iy`nesse, Lmn mod, Ch mood

mo_der n f nom/gen

mother

mo_dor mo_dra

PC2 moder, Orm moderr, Lmn moder, MED mo_der

morgen n m

morning

to_morgen tomorrow

morgen

PC1 on morgen, Lmn mory`en-liht, AW marhe(n), MED morwe to~

1 2

mo_ten v ptpr; mo_t most pr, moste pt

may, be allowed

mo_tan mo_t mo_st, mo_ste

PC2 moste, Orm mot motenn, mosste, Lmn mot most moten, moste

mugen (magen) v ptpr; may` miht, mihte

can, be able; could

ofermugen v prevail, have greater power than

hu_ miht t`u_ exp how are you

may`en n nt strength, power; moral force; efficacy

may`enfast adj vigorous, strong

miht (maht) n f; (al)~iy` strength, power, might

maeg` miht (ea/ae) magon (ae) mihte, maeg`en (e) ~faest, miht (ea) ael~ig`

PC1 maei magen mihte mihton, PC2 mai mihte (y) muhten, Orm may`y` mihht (a) muy`h`enn mihhte ~st ~n, mahht all~iy` mihht, Lmn maei miht muy`en (a), main, AW mein, mihte, Owl miy`te, Ch may mowe(n) myghte ~st ~n, myght, MED main

imunen v w; (iman imanst pt pr)

remember, consider, keep in mind

mi_nd n f; ~iy` adj thought, mind

imi_nd n f memory, remembrance

imi_ndday` n m anniversary

mine n m; ~lic adj affection, favour, desire; memorial

mingen v w remember; remind, mention

minten v w; minte imint mean, intend

iminten v w resolve; ordain

manen v w admonish, exhort, impel

g`emunan g`eman g`emanst (g`emune g`emont`), mynd g`e~ ~daeg`, myne, (g`e)myndgian (myngian myneg`ian), (g`e)myntan, manian (o/y)

PC2 gemunan gemunde, PC2 mint, Orm munndenn, minde, Lmn munien muney`ede, imunten, AW munde, munedai, munien muneget`, i-mint, Gaw mynged, MED imunen (gemuned` 1150), mi_nd(e), min(e), mingen, minten

milen n m/f

mill

mylen (myln)

AW mulne, Owl mulne, Ch mille, MED milne

1228 milne, 1265 melle

miriy` (miry`e) adj; ~t`

merry

myrg`~e (myrig`~) myrig`li_c`e myrgd` myrg`an

Lmn muri(e), AW muri(e), SO miri, Ch mery(e), MED miri_(e)

naddre n f

adder, viper, snake

nae_dre (naeddre/ne_dre)

PC2 nadres, Orm neddre, Ch naddres

1 2

name n m

name, adjective

nama

PC1 nama (nam), Orm name, SO name

~ ~ ~

neb n nt; nebbes pl

face, complexion; beak

neb-re_ding n f cosmetics

neb(b)

Lmn neb nebbes, AW neb nebbe, MED neb

~

ne_h prep, adj, adv

near; nigh; nearby, nearly

ne_r cmp adv; ~re adjnearer

ne_hst cmp nearest, next

endene_hst adj last, final, extreme

wel ne_h adv almost, virtually

naen adv from near by

inaehwen, naelaecen v w; ~cte approach, draw near

ney`en v w approach, accost, address; attack

ne_ah (e_) ne_ar ~ra ni_ehst, endene_hst, ne_an, g`ene_ahwian ne_alae_can nae_g`an

PC2 neh, wel ~, Orm neh(h), ner, Lmn neh, wel ~, neor, nexte, AW neor ~re, neste (x), Ch neigh, ne(e)r, nexte, neighen

ne_tenv s2; naet nuten inoten

use, employ, make use of

ne_tsum adj fruitful, thriving

noten v w use, employ, consume, partake

note n f use, enjoyment, benefit, undertaking, business

ne_otan (e_a u o), noti~an ~u

Orm notesst, Lmn neotsume inoted, AW notien, Ch note

net`en adv; be~ prep

beneath, underneath, below

net`er (nit`er) adv; ~ward beneath, below, downstairs

net`ere adj lower, nether

net`eren adj depress, lower, bring down

neot`an be~, nit`er (eo) ~a ~ian

PC1 bened`an, Orm binet`enn, nit`t`renn, Lmn bi-neod`en, neod`er (i) ~ien, AW neod`er ~a, Ch benethen, nether, MED nethen bi~ nether

ne_we (ni_w~) adj

new

ne_wen adv recently

ni_w~e (e_o) ~en

PC2 neuuae, Orm new ~enn, Ch new(e)

nigen num

nine

nigente_ne num; nigente_nt`e ord nineteen

nigentiy` num; nigentiget`e ord ninety

nigent`e ord ninth

nigon ~ti_ene (hund)~tig` nigot`a (nigende) nigonte_od`a hundnigonte_ot`a

Orm niy`h`enn niy`h`ennde, Lmn niy`en niy`entene, AW nihe(ne) nihed`e, Ch nyne nyn(e)tene nynety nynthe, PM 1175 ni(y`)ed`e (niy`ende), TH 1200 niged`e, Ayb 1340 ney`ende, GC 1300 niy`entet`e, TB 1398 nyntent`e, MED ni_n ~te_n(e) ~ti_ ~the ~te_nth(e) ~ti_the

niht n f

night, darkness

aniht, nihtes adv/gen at night

niht (ea/ae)

PC2 niht, Orm nahht nihht, AW niht

nimen v s4 irr; nam (o_) na_men (o_) inumen

take, assume, accept, receive, seize, catch

benimen v deprive, rob

daelnimen v partake, participate

fornimen v destroy

undernimen v perceive

niman be~ dae_l~ for~ under~ (a/o_ a_/o_ u)

PC1 delnimende, PC2 (be)nam namen, Orm nimenn namm, Lmn nom, SO nam, MED nimen

ni_t` n m; ~ful adj

malice, enmity, spite; violence, persecution, oppression

ni_t` ~ful

Orm nit` ~ful, AW nid`

nort` n/adj/adv; ~erne ~ward

north

nort`en adv from the north

nort` ~an ~erne ~ward

Orm norrt`, Lmn nord`, Owl nort`

nose n f

nose

nosu

HA nosu, Lmn neose, Ch nose

nu_ adv, conj

now

nu_ t`a_ adv presently, currently

nu_

PC2 nu, Orm nu, Lmn nu

iniht n f/nt

abundance, plenty, sufficiency

nihtsum adj; ~nes abundant, plentiful, satisfied, content

nihtsumen v w abound, suffice

g`enyht (i) ~sum ~sumian ~sumnes

MED nihtsumien

of prep/adv

of, from, out of; off, away, absent

afere n m offspring, successor, heir; descendant

aften adv from behind, from the rear

after prep/adv after, along, according to, in pursuit of; afterwards

afterre adj cmp next, latter

aftreste adj sp last

afward (o) adj absent

eft adv, pref again, once more; afterwards, in turn

of, eafora (eafra), aeftan, aefter ~ra aeftresta, aefweard (o), eft (ae)

PC2 of, efter (ae), eft, Orm off/o, affterr, efft, AW eft, Ch of, after

ofer prep, adv, pref

over

ofer

PC1 ofer, PC2 ouer, Orm oferr

pref - see ~cumen, ~mugen, ~swi_t`en etc

oft adv; ~er ~est

often

oft

PC2 oft, Orm offte, SO oft

on (a) prep/adv

on, at, in, to, for; on top, onward

on/an

PC2 on, Orm onn/o, AW o(n), Ch on/an/a

Ch an huntyng > ModE a-hunting (we will go)

orped adj

adult, active, valiant, bold

orped ~li_ce

Ayb orped, MED orped

ot` prep

until, up to, as far as

ot`~ pref away, off

ot`-t`at, ot`-t`e conj until

ot`

PC1 od`, HR od`, MED oth ~that

o_t`er adj, ord num

other, second; one of two, another

o_d`er

PC2 ot`er ot`re, Orm ot`err, Lmn ot`er

ot`t`e conj

or

od`d`e

PC1 od`d`e, MED oth-the (od`e)

pi_pe n f

pipe

pi_pen v w play on a pipe; peep, cheep, squeak

pi_pe pi_pian

Lmn pipen, MED pi_pe pi_pen

pley`e n m

play, merriment, festivity, drama, sport, movement

pley`en v w play, disport, exercise, move, act out, amuse oneself

plega (ae) pleg~an (~ian)

Lmn pley pleoy`ede, AW pleien, Ch pley, MED pleien

1 2

1 2

rake n m

rake, hoe

raken v w rake

raca

Ch rake, MED rake

1 2

ra_sen v w

explore

rasian

Lmn rusien riseden, AW risede

1 2 3

raed adj

red

re_ad

PC1 read, Lmn raed, AW read, Ch red reed

raed n m

advice, counsel, resolution, deliberation; benefit, remedy

raeden v w; raedde iraed (s7 re_d re_den iraeden) advise, deliberate, decide; read

raeden n f condition, terms, rule, estimation

araed adj resolute

araeden v prophesy, appoint

fastraed adj sound, astute

manraed (~en) n homage, tribute

unraed n; ~iy` adj indiscretion

raedesman n councillor

raedbore n adviser, counsellor

raedlic adj advisable

rae_d ~an re_d re_don rae_dde g`erae_d(en), manrae_den

PC2 raed manred, Orm raediy` redenn radde redd, Lmn raed (ea) raeden radde (ae) raedden

raewe (a_) n f

row, line, succession

raewed v w arranged in rows

ra_wen v w cut in strips

rae_w (a_) ~ed, ra_wan

AW rawe (ea), Ch rewe (o), MED reue

reccen v w irr; rahte

narrate, recount, explain, interpret; direct, guide

reccelic (reclic) adj methodical, direct, straight, detailed, circumstantial

reccend, reccere n teacher, guide, director, interpreter

reccendo_m n oversight

reccing, reccennes n f narrative, history, interpretation; direction

rec`c`an reahte reclic` (rec`c`elic`) rec`c`~end ~endo_m ~ing f ~ere recednes (reccenes)

Lmn raecchen raehte raehten (e), AW recchinde recched` pr sg3, Owl reache, Ch recche, BH 1175 reccan, MED recchen (1)

< PWG *rakkjan < PG *rakjaną; CH also - reprove, judge, decide, correct, control, rule, govern; these senses are largely absent in MED - 'guide, direct' come closest; OE rec`c`an I overlapped with rae_can (stretch), rekenian (reckon, calculate) and rec`c`an II (care, care for, heed; < PG *rōkijaną); the alternate eME form 'recken' allows us to separate the eME reflexes of OE rec`c`an I and II; cp OE g`erec (rule, government, decree)

recken v w irr; rohte

care, care for, heed

reckelaes adj reckless, careless, negligent

rec`c`an (re_c`an) rohte re_c`elae_s reclic` (rec`c`elic`) rec`c`~end ~endo_m (~ennes) ~ere

rǿkja

PC1 rohton, Orm rekkenn recket`t` rohhte, Lmn recche recchest rohte, Owl recchet`/rect` roy`te, SO me no reche, Ch recche rekke rekkest rekketh roghte recheles, PM 1175 rechd` [rekt`/recke], MED recchen (2) (recke/rekken)

< PG *ro_kijaną; MED hwat me_ reccet` (what does it matter to me) = hwat recce ic; recken qualifies as an additional eME form via Orm rekkenn recket`t`, Ch rekke and ModE reckless; OE alt re_c`an (care for) is sometimes indicated as the primary form for rec`c`an II, but CH has re_c`an in parentheses beside rec`c`an II

re_k n m

smoke, fumes; reek

re_c

MED re_k(e)

Cl 1380 reche, 1255 Rekepeni

reked n m

building, palace, hall

reced

rekenen (reknen) v w

count, reckon, calculate

rekenere n money changer

rekennes (irekednes) n f narrative, history, interpretation

rake n f account, recounting, exposition, narrative, observation; path, track, passage

aerendrake n messenger, ambassador

recenian recednes (recennes), racu

Orm reccnenn, AW rikenin rikeneres, Ch rekenen/rekne rekned, MED rake/race

CH also - rekenen: recount, narrate, explain, interpret, tell; rekennes

re_n n nt

ornament

re_nen v w prepare

ire_nen v arrange; adorn

(g`e)re_nian

MED re_nen

reps n m

response

ireps n nt blame, reproof, guilt

repsen v w blame, reprove

reps g`eresp repsan

MED reps

response in a church service - L responsorium

rerd n f/nt

voice, speech, outcry, clamour; meal, food

rerden v w speak, dine

irerd n language

elrerdiy` adj barbaric

rerdhu_s n nt refectory, restaurant

(g`e)reord ~ian el~(ig`) ~hu_s

Orm rerd, Lmn reordien elreordi, Owl rorde (eo), MED rerd(e) i~ ~en ireordunghus

ri_ce adj, n nt

powerful, high ranking; kingdom, dominion, authority

kineri_ce n kingdom

ri_csen v w rule, tyrannise

ri_ce, ri_csian (x)

PC2 rice, rixan, Orm riche, Lmn riche, MED ri_xen

riht n nt, adj

right, privilege, justice; right, proper, straight

rihten (i~) v w direct, amend, correct

rihtlic adj correct

rihtwi_snes adj impartiality, integrity

raecen v w irr; rahte reach, stretch

riht ~e ~lic`, (g`e)rihtan, rae_can v w rae_hte (a_)

PC2 rihte, Orm rihhte, Lmn raechen, AW riht, reached` rahte, Ch reche raughte

rihtlic` right, proper, just, fit, righteous; adapted, fitted; adv. virtuously; regularly; correctly, precisely

rime n m

rim, edge, border

day`~ n daybreak, dawn

sae~ n coast

rima daeg`~ sae~

Owl dai-rim, MED rime

ri_m n nt

number

ri_men v w count, account, enumerate

ri_mere n m computer, reckoner, calculator

ri_m ~an ~re

Orm rime ~nn, MED ri_me ~n

rink n m

man, warrior, soldier

rank adj proud, overbearing; strong

rinc, ranc

Orm rannc, Lmn rinkas, Gaw renk, MED rink, rank

ri_sen v s1; ra_s, risen irisen

rise, prevail, stand, be fit, be proper

ari_sen v arise, accrue

ri_san (a_ i i)

PC2 risen, Orm risenn ras, AW arised`, Ch risen roos risen

sal n nt

hall, room, chamber

wi_n-sal n wine bar

seld n nt palace, residence; throne, seat

iselde n m companion, cohabitor, roommate

sele n m house, dwelling

be_rsele n pub

laefsele n bower of leaves

sael, sele be_or~ le_af~

Lmn selde, Gaw sale, MED sal(e), selde

(~)

sa_r n nt, adj

pain, wound, sore, suffering; sore, painful

sa_riy` adj sad, sorry

sa_r ~ig`

PC1 sar ~i, Orm sariy`, AW sar ~i, Ch so(o)ng

sarew (saru sarwes) n nt

device, contrivance, artifice, apparatus, machine; skill, cunning, trick, snare

ladsarew n charger

sarwen v w deceive, dissimulate, cheat

serwen v w equip, fit out; contrive, devise, plan, plot

searo searwes, searwian, sierwan

MED sirwen

Saterday` (Satern~) n m

Saturday

Saetern~daeg` (Saeter~/Saeternes~)

Orm Saterrday`y`, Ch Saterday/Saturday

L Saturnus, Saturni dies > OE Saetern~, ModE Saturn

~

say`en (sey`/secy`~) v w; say`de

say

foresay`en v predict

isay`en n f legend, tale, statement

sec`g`an saeg`t` saeg`de, g`esaeg`en

PC2 saein/saegen saede, Orm sey`y`en segge sey`y`t` sey`y`de, Lmn saeid` saide, AW seggen seid` seide, Ch sayn sayde

scapen v s6; sco_p sco_pen iscapen

create, fashion, shape; allot

iscap n nt; ~ennes n f form, shape, creation

scaft (i~) n f creature; destiny, allotment

~scipe suff -ship; property, state

scieppan (o_ o_ a), g`esceap, (g`e)sceaft, -scipe

Orm shapet`t` shop shapenn, shaffte, Lmn scop, AW schaft, Ch shapen shop shape, MED -ship(e) (-scipe)

scat`e n m

injury, harm, hurt; criminal, foe, warrior

scat`en (skat`~) v w injure, harm, scathe

sc`ead`~a ~e ~ian, (g`e)sc`ed`d`an (o_ o_ ea),

skad`a

Orm unnshat`iy` ~nesse skat`elaes, skat`~esst ~edd, Lmn scad`e, Ch scathe/schat`e, MED shathe i_shathnes scath(e) scet`t`e, scathen shathien scet`t`en

sce_ (heo) pron sg3 nom

she

hire acc/gen/dat her, hers

he_o hi_e hire

PC1 heo, PC2 scae hire, Orm y`h`o hire, Lmn heo/y`e hire, AW heo/ha hire, Owl h(e)o hire, SO sche (hye) hir, Ch she hir(e)/her(e)

possible developments - OE se_o (si_e) def > */sje:/ > */S`e:/ ?, OE he_o (hi_e) pron > */hje:/ > */C``e:/ ?; cp Hav sho, Gaw scho

scaewen v w

look, observe, examine; show, indicate

scaewere n m observer, spectator; mirror

laesscaewere n spy

sce_ne adj beautiful; bright

sc`e_awian g`e~, sc`e_awere le_as~, sc`i_ene

PC1 scawe, Orm shaewenn, shene, Lmn scaewede, scene, AW schawen, schene

e

sce_ten v s2 tr/intr; scaet scuten iscoten

shoot, launch; rush, dart

atsce_ten v escape, disappear, pass away

scot n nt shot, shooting, rush

iscot n tribute, payment, contribution, tax

scatt n m treasure, money, wealth, property; coin

sc`e_otan (e_a u o) aet~, sc`ot g`e~, sc`eatt

PC1sceattas, Orm shetenn, Lmn sceoten scaet scuten iscoten, MED she_ten, shot i~, shat

1 2

scip n m

ship, boat, sea-going vessel

scip scipu

PC1 scipa, Lmn scip ~e, AW schip, Ch ship

sci_re n f

shire, district

sc`i_r

PC1 scyr scire, Lmn sciren, AW schire, Ch shire ~s

scop n m

minstrel, singer, poet

sc`op (eo)

Lmn scopes, MED scop

scoppe n m

shop, booth, workshed

scoppen v w shop, go shopping

sceoppa

Ch shoppe, MED shoppe

scraede n f

shred, cutting, scrap, coupon

ofslehtscraede n discount coupon

scre_ad

AW schreaden, MED shrede

scri_fen v s1; scra_f scrifen iscrifen

confess, make confession; absolve, hear confession

scri_fan (a_ i i)

Orm shrifenn, Lmn scriuen scraf, AW schriue schraf ischriuen

sculen v ptpr; scal scalt, sculde (o)

must, have to, shall, be obliged; should

scild n f offence, fault, crime, guilt

scildiy` adj guilty

sc`ulan sc`eal sc`ealt sc`ulen sc`(e)olde, (g`e)sc`yld ~ig`

PC2 sculde, Orm shall shallt shulenn shollde, Lmn scal scalt scullen, AW schulde

sae n m/f

sea

Saeland n nt Zealand

e_ger n nt; ~straem flood, high tide; sea

holm n m wave, sea, ocean

mere n m; ~stre_t sea, ocean; lake, pond, pool

su_nd n nt swimming; sea, ocean, sound

sae_, e_gor ~stre_am, holm, mere ~strae_ta, sund

PC2 sae, Orm sae, marr, Lmn sae, sund, MED mere

se_cen v w irr; sohte

seek, search

bese_cen v beseech, entreat

t`urhse_cen v scour, scrutinise

sake (sac) n f dispute, strife, contest, cause, sake, trial, prosecution, lawsuit; conflict, battle, feud, sedition

andsac n denial, refusal, resistance; abjuration

andsake, isake, wit`ersake n adversary; denier, apostate

saken v s6; so_k so_ken isaken dispute, wrangle, strive, contend, compete

forsaken v forsake, reject, desist, object

so_ken n f inquiry, inspection, search, persecution; jurisdiction

se_c`an sohte be~, sacu saec`c` sacan (o_ o_ a) for~, and~saca ~saec` g`esaca, so_cn

PC1 saca, socne, Orm sekenn t`urrh~ sohht, sake forrsoc forrsokenn forrsakenn, Lmn sake forsaken, socn, AW seched`, Owl sechet`, Ch seche(n) (k), soken

sefe n m

mind, spirit, heart, understanding

sefa

secy` n m

man, warrior, knight, follower; reed

ga_rsecy` n ocean

sec`g`, ga_r~

Lmn seg segges, MED segge

se_k adj

sick

se_oc

PC1 seoc, Orm sec, AW sec seke, Ch seke

se_l (sael) n m/f, adj; ~t` n f

occasion, opportunity, time; happiness, joy, good fortune, prosperity; good, brave, skilled; fitting

ise_liy` adj; ~e fortunate, happy, blessed

se_lre adj cmp better

se_lest adj sp best

ise_lth n f discretion, prudence

isaelen v w befall, turn out favourably

sae_l (e_) (g`e)~t` g`e~ig`(e) g`e~an, se_l ~ra ~est

Orm sel sellt`e, Lmn sel iseli sel~ere ~est, MED se_l(e) ise_li(y`) se_lthe i~

self pron; ~e dat/pl

self, same

self

PC1 selue, Orm sellf ~e, Lmn seolf

sellen v w irr; sa_lde

give, supply, sell; give up

umbsellen v surround, enclose

sellan (eo/i/y) sealde (g`e)seald, ymbsellan

PC1 saelde, Orm sellenn, Lmn seollen salde, AW sullen salde, Ch selle(n) solde

en

se_n v s5 irr, n f; se_ se_st se_t` (sehst seht`), sah sagen (saegen) isegen

see, perceive; vision

bese_n v look, watch; provide

ferse_n n television

forse_n v reject, overlook

forese_n v foresee

ise_n v observe

ise_ne adj evident, apparent, visible

t`urhse_n v perceive

siht` n f sight, vision, aspect

besiht` n provision

se_on se_o siehst sieht` (si_t`), seah sa_won (sae_gon) sewen (segen), si_en g`esi_ene, sihd` g`e~

PC1 sed` (eo) saegon/sawon segon, Orm seo sest set` (eo), sahh saey`h`enn sey`h`enn, t`urrhset`, sihht`e, AW sihd`e, Owl sen isene, Ch se_(n) seyen/sawe, MED se_n (seiy`en, se_ghe)

cp ifehen (fe_n)

sefen num

seven

sefente_ne num; sevente_nt`e ord seventeen

sefentiy` num; sefentiget`e ord seventy

sefent`e ord seventh

seofon ~ti_ene (hund)~tig` ~-te_od`a (~teoged`a) hund~tigod`a, seofot`a

PC1 seoued`ende, Orm se(o)fenn/seffne sefennde seofenntiy`, Lmn seouen ~tene, AW seuene seoued`e seouenti, Ch seven~e ~nth(e) ~tene, VH 1150 seofod`e, LH 1225 seofed`e, Hav 1300 seuen~t`e ~tent`e, GC 1300 seuentit`e, StA 1350 seuentet`e, MED seven ~the ~te_n(e) ~ti_ ~te_nthe ~ti_the

~

sex num

six

sexte_ne num; sexte_nt`e ord sixteen

sextiy` num; sextiget`e ord sixty

sexte ord sixth

siex ~ta ~tig`, sixty_ne (e_), sixte_od`a sixteogod`a (i)

PC1 sex sixtiga, Orm sexe sex~tene ~tiy` ~te, Lmn sixe six~tene ~ti, AW six ~tene ~tend`e, SO sexti, Ch sixe sexti, VH 1150 sixtuged`en, WB 1382 sixtithe, MED six ~te_ne ~ti_ ~te ~e_nthe ~i_the

-

singen v s3; sang sungen isungen

sing

sa_ng n m song, psalm, poem

singan (a u u), sang

PC1 sang sungen, Orm singet`t` sungenn, sang, Lmn singen isunge, song

1 2

sinken v s3; sank sunken isunken

sink

sincan (a u u)

Orm sinnket`t` sunnkenn, AW sinken sunken

sink n nt

treasure, ornament

sinc

sit`en (sit`t`e) adv/conj

afterwards, after, subsequently, since

si_t`, si_t`re comp adv; si_t`est later; afterwards

sit`t`a(n) (eo/y), si_d` ~or ~est ~li_c`e

PC2 syt`en, Orm sit`t`enn, sit`reCh sithen, MED si_theli_

1 2

si_t` n m

journey, venture, adventure, exploit; time, occasion

si_t`en v w journey

isi_t` n companion

midsi_t`en v accompany

isi_t`scipe n company, fellowship, society

senden v w; sende isend send

asenden v send off, dismiss

insenden v send in, submit

si_t` ~ian g`e~ mid~ian g`e~~scipe, sendan a~ in~ sende g`esend

PC2 senden, Orm sit`e, senndenn sennde sennd, Lmn sid` ~en, MED si_th ~en

sitten v s5; sat saeten iseten

sit

besitten v surround, besiege

setten v w; sette iset set, seat, place, arrange

besetten v appoint, adorn, invest

sadel n m saddle

saete n m sitting, session; region, site, land-holding

sess n m seat, bench

set n nt seat, camp

iset, saet n nt; f ambush, snare

setel n nt seat, stall, bench, sitting, throne; place, residence, abode

setle n assessor, judge; companion

setlen v w tr settle, place, put

isetel n nt assembly

sittan be~ (ae ae_ e), settan be~ sette g`eset(t), sadol, sae_t(a), sess, (g`e)set, setl (setol) g`e~ ~an

PC2 sitten besaet, sette, setle, Orm sittenn satt saetenn, setten be~, saete, Lmn sat saeten seten, setten sette iset, sadele, saettele, AW sitten, setten, seotel, MED setle, sete

siy`e (siger) n m; ~fast adj

victory, success, triumph

sig`e sigor ~faest

PC1 sige, Orm siy`e siy`y`efasst, Lmn siy`e

~ en en

sla_w adj

slow, slothful, sluggish

sla_wen v w avoid, neglect, be slow to act

sla_w

Orm slaw, AW slaw, MED slou ~en

slaen (sla_n) v s6 irr; slae slaet` (sla_ sla_t`), slo_h slo_gen islay`en (slagen)

strike; slay; beat, forge

islaen v win, gain, conquer

sleht, slege n m/nt stroke, blow; slaughter

ofsleht n discount

(g`e)sle_an (sla_n) slieht` (slae_ht`) slo_h slo_gon g`eslaeg`en/slagen, slieht (ea)

PC2 sloghen, Orm slaen/slan slast slaet`/slat` sloh sloy`h`enn slay`enn, Lmn slaen slaed` sloh sloy`en, slehte (ae), AW slead` sloh slohen, slaht, Ch slee(n) slough/slow slowe(n) slayn/slawe, MED sle_n (slay`en), slaught

pOE *slahan; cp Goth/OSax/OHG slahan, OFrs sla, ON sla__; cp flaen

sle_pen v s7 (w); sle_p sle_pen isle_pen (slepte islept)

sleep

sle_p n m sleep

slae_pan (e_ e_ ae_) (slepte g`eslept), slae_p

PC2 slepen slep, Orm slaepenn slepptenn, Lmn slaepen slaep(te), AW slepen slepte, MED sle_p ~en

1 2

1 2

slo_h n m

mire, mudhole, swamp

slo_ges gen/pl mudholes, swamps

slo_h (slo_g) slo_ges/slo_s

AW sloh, Ch slow/slough

snel adj; ~le w/pl

fast, rapid, swift, quick; keen, brisk, active

snell ~ic`e snelnes

Lmn snelle, Owl snel ~le, MED snel

sni_t`en v s1; sna_t` sniden isniden

cut; make an incision, hew; slaughter, sacrifice

snīd`an (a_ i i)

Orm snit` snat`, MED sni_then

snoter adj; ~nes n f ~scipe n m

clever, prudent, intelligent, cunning

snittre n f cleverness, prudence, sagacity

snotor ~nes ~scipe, snyttru

Orm snoterr, MED snoter

1 2

so_n n m

sound

so_ncraft n music

so_n

AW seon, Ch soun, MED soun (son)

so_ne adv

soon, immediately

eftso_ne adv soon after, again

so_na eft~

PC2 sona efsones, Orm sone, MED sone eft-so_ne(s)

sorge (h) n f; ~ful

sorrow, grief, care

sorgen v w be sorry, grieve, care

sorg (h) ~ful ~ian

Orm serry`he serrhfull, Lmn sorh sor(h)y`e, sory`eden, AW sorhe, sorhin, MED sorwe (sorge), sorwen (zory`en)

so_t` n nt, adj; ~lic adj

truth, reality; true

se_t`en v w declare, affirm, testify

sinne n f; ~iy` ~ful ~laes adj sin

sinnen (siny`en) v w sin, transgress

so_t` ~lic`, se_d`an, syn(n) ~ig` ~lic` ~le_as synna, sinnian sing`ian (g)

PC1 sod`, PC2 sotlice, sinnes, Orm sot`, sinne, sinny`h`et`t`, AW sunegen, Owl sot`, sunne, sunegi, Ch synneth, MED so_th, sinne, se_then, sinnen (sinwen)

spe_d n f

success, luck, prosperity, abundance; speed

spe_den v w; spedde succeed, prosper; afford; assist

spe_d ~an

PC2 spedde, Orm spedenn, Ch speden spedde

he_ spe_det` to_ it - he can afford it

speken (spreken) v s5; spak spaeken ispeken

speak

ferspeken v telephone, speak by phone

forespeke n advocate, mediator, intercessor, sponsor

forespeken adj, v aforesaid, aforementioned; intercede

onspeken v accuse, address

onspeke, onspekend n accuser, claimant

to_speken v address

spe_c (spraec) n f speech, discourse, language

forespe_c n advocacy

u_tspe_c n pronunciation

sprecan on~ to_~ (specan) (ae ae_ e) onspeca onspecend forespreca, sprae_c`(e) (spae_c`/spre_c`) fore~

PC2 spac, Orm spekenn spacc spaekenn, spaeche, Lmn speken, speche (ae), AW speche, Ch speke(n) spak

cp ModG Aussprache, ModDu uitspra_k

spilen v w

play, revel, do sport

spilian

MED spilen

e

standen v s6 irr; sto_d sto_den istanden

stand

atstanden v make a stand, remain, resist

forstanden v be of use, avail, protect, defend; prevent, oppose

u_tstanden v stand out

stat` n nt bank, shore

stat`el n m; ~en v w foundation, framework, base, staddle

stat`elen v w establish, fix; confirm

stede n m place, site, stead

webstede n web site

standan standet`/stent, sto_d sto_don g`estanden aet~ for~, staet`, stad`ol (g`e)~ian, stede ~faest burg~

PC2 forstode, Orm stannd~enn ~et`t` (stant) stod stodenn unnderr~ stede, Lmn stat`el stat`e, Ch stonde(n) (a) stont/stondeth stede, MED stathelen

also - under~standen with~; rel stellen, stemne, sto_w

stellen v w irr; stalde

put, place, pack; set, establish, institute

edstellen (eft~) v reset

stael n m place, position

staelen v w institute, found; impute, avenge

stal n m/nt; ~les pl stall

istal n m/nt; ~les pl frame, structure

istalle n m companion

istald n nt dwelling, habitation

stille adj still, silent, motionless, meek

sto_l n m stool, seat, chair

stellan stealde, stae_l ~an, steall g`e~ g`e~e, stille, sto_l

Orm stille, Lmn stol, AW stalde istald, Ch stille stol, MED stellen stolde, stal(le)

also - stal - place, foundation, site; rel standen, stemne, sto_w

stemne n m

stem, trunk, foundation; prow, stern

stemnetten n m stand firm

stefn (stemn) ~ettan

MED stem(me)

rel standen, stellen, sto_w

stefne (stefen) n f/m

voice, sound; message, summons, turn

ne_we stefne adv anew, again

stefn, ni_wan ~e

PC1 stefne, Orm steffne, AW steuene/stefne, Ch stevene

step- pref

step

step-mo_der n f stepmother

ste_op-mo_dor -sunu etc

Lmn steop-moder step-sune, MED step-barn -bro_ther -chi_ld -doughter -fader -mo_der -sone -suster

steppen v s6 irr; sto_p sto_pen istapen

step, go, advance

stape n step

steppan (ae) (o_ o_ a) staepe stapas

Lmn steppen stop, Owl stape (ea), Ch stopen (a) steppes, MED steppen step

sterfen v s3; starf sturfen istorfen

die, starve

steorfan (ea u o)

PC2 sturuen, AW steorued` stearf istoruen, Ch sterue starf ystorue

stihten v w

arrange, direct, rule

astihten v to determine, decree, agree upon

stihtan a_~

MED stighten

e

sto_w(e) n f

place, locality, spot

aerdingsto_w n dwelling, residence, abode, lodging

websto_w n website

sto_w eardung~

Lmn stowe, Owl eardingstowe, MED stou(e)

caep~; rel standen, stellen, stemne

strand n nt

beach, seashore

strand

Orm strande, Lmn stranden, Ch strondes

straem n m

stream, current, river

stre_am

Lmn straem, Ch stre(e)m

streccen v w irr; strahte

stretch, extend, straighten

strec`c`an streahte

Lmn streahte (a), AW streched` strahte, Ch strecchen straughte

stre_n n nt

gain, acquisition, property, treasure; traffic, usury; procreation

stre_nen v w acquire, gain, amass; increase, augment; beget

stre_on (g`e)stri_enan (e_o/y_)

Orm stren (eo) ~enn ~edd, Lmn streone streonede, AW streon ~ed`, MED stre_n ~en

stre_t (ae) n f

street, road

strae_t (e_)

Orm straete, AW strete, MED stre_t

stu_nd n f

hour; moment, period, time

stund

Orm stund, Lmn stunde, Ch stounde

~

sum adj, pron, suff

some, a certain; one, someone

sume adj pl some, certain; some people, certain ones

sumes gen? little, a little; somewhat, to some extent

simble adv always, continually, continuously

sin~ pref continual, perpetual, permanent, immense

sum, sin-, simble

PC2 sum ~e, Orm summ, Ch som, MED simle (simble)

sune n m

son

sunu

PC2 sune, Orm sune, Lmn sune

1 2

su_nd (i~) adj

sound, safe

far su_nd, faret` su_nd exp goodbye

g`esund, far(at`) ~

Orm sund, Lmn sund

sunne n f

sun

Sunnenday` n m Sunday

sunne, Sunnandaeg`

PC2 sunne, Sunnen daei, Orm sune sunness, sunennday`y`, Lmn sunne

su_t` n/adj/adv; ~erne ~ward

south

su_t`en adv from the south

su_t` ~an ~erne ~ward

Orm Sut`, Lmn sud`

swa_ adv/conj

so, as

swa_ t`aeh adv nevertheless

alswa_ adv also, likewise, moreover, then, thus

als (~e) conj as, so

swa_ same adv/conj therefore; like

swa_, eallswa_ (allswa_/alswe_)

PC2 swa, alsua, als(e), Orm swa, all swa, alls (~e), Lmn swa, al swa, AW swa/se, alswa, as, Ch so, also, als

'alswa_' and 'als' were interchangeable to an extent, until the 15th century

swa_men v w intr

darken, become dark

aswa_men abate, cease, die away

swa_mian a_~

swaer adj

heavy; oppressive, grievous; sluggish

swae_r (a_)

Orm sware, MED swere (swaerere)

swelten v s3; swalt swulten iswolten

die, perish; swoon, faint

sweltan (ea u o) sweltet`/swylt

PC1 swelte swulten, Orm swelltenn swallt swulltenn, Lmn swelten swaelt

swey` n m

melody, song; sound, din, clamour

swey`en v w make a noise, sound, roar, crash

swo_gen v s7; swe_h swe_gen iswo_gen swoon, faint; to sound, roar, rustle, rattle

aswo_gen v choke

swe_g` ~an, swo_gan (e_o e_o o_) a_~

Orm suhhy`henn, Lmn iswoy`en, BH 1175 swey`e, MED swei, swouen

ON sveigja > MED sweien (1325 rush, hurry; sway)

swencen v w; swencte

torment, oppress, afflict

swenc`an swencte

PC2 suencten, Orm swennchenn, AW swenchen

causative of swinken

swe_r n m

father-in-law

iswe_r n cousin

swey`er n f mother-in-law

swe_or g`e~, sweg`er

MED sweor

swerd

sword

sweord (u/y/o)

PC1 sweord, Orm swerd, SO swerd

swet`ren v w intr

retire, vanish, melt, abate, dwindle, decrease, subside

iswet`ring n failure

swed`rian g`eswed`rung

swilc adj/pron

such

swilc hwilc conj such as

alswilc adj just such

alswilc alse conj just as

swilc` (ae/e/y, swa_li_c) eall~

PC2 suilc alsuic, Orm swillc swillke, MED swich

OE alt swylc` > ME alt swu(l)ch > ModE such

swi_t` adj

strong, powerful, active

swi_t`e adv very, quite, greatly, severely

swi_t`re adj cmp right, right hand

swi_t`en v w strengthen

oferswi_t`en v overcome, overpower, conquer, vanquish; excel, surpass

unoferswi_t`endlic adj invincible, unconquerable

swi_t` ~e ofer~an ofer~endlic`

PC1 swid`e, PC2 suythe, Orm swit`e, Ch swithe

~

si_fre (si_fer~) adj

clean, pure, chaste; sober, abstinent, temperate

si_feraete adj abstemious

si_fernes n f cleanliness, purity, sobriety, moderation

sy_fre si_fer~ae_te ~lic ~nes

MED si_fre

~

tellen v w irr; ta_lde

tell, inform, recount, narrate

bi_tellen v speak for, defend, justify, excuse

untellendlic adj indescribable, unspeakable

tale n f tale, fable, story, narrative

ital n nt number, series

talen v count, calculate, reckon

italcraft n m arithmetic

tellan tealde, talu, (g`e)tael ~craeft, talian

PC2 tellen un~dlice, Orm tellenn talde tald bitellenn, Lmn tellen bi~

tellan count, calculate, reckon; talu calculation

te_n num

ten

~te_ne num suf ~teen

te_nt`e (te_t`e) adj tenth, ~teenth

ti_en te_ot`a t`re_o~ti_ne (i_e/y_) t`re_o~te_ot`a

PC1 ten(n) t`reotted`an, Orm tene tende, Lmn ten(e), AW t`reotud`e, MED ten thri_te_ne te_nthe (te_t`e)

t`ri~te_ne, fower~, fif~, sex~, sefen~, ehte~, nigen~; t`ri~te_nt`e etc

1 2

te_n v w

prepare, furnish, arrange, adorn, deck

te_on

te_gen (te_n) v s2; te_ge te_get` (te_ te_ht`), taeh tugen itogen

draw, tow, tug, pull

~toge n m, suff leader

te_h n nt; te_ges matter, material

te_on (e_a u o) ty_hst ti_eht` (e_), ~toga, g`ete_oh

AW teon teod` tuhen, MED te_n (tegh te_d`/tihd` tgen togen)

pOE *te_ohan; cp OS tiohan, OHG ziohan; cp fle_n; PG *teugą n 1 device used for pulling; 2 tools; equipment; stuff

te_on withdraw, go; draw near, approach

1 2 3

te_ne n m

insult, injury

te_nen v w harm, harrass, annoy, oppress, torment, distress

ofte_nen v anger

te_ona te_onian

Orm tene, Ch tene, MED te_ne te_nen of~

1 2

t`a_ adv, conj

then, when, at that time

t`a_

PC2 t`a, Orm t`a, Ch tho

t`afen (i~) v w

allow, permit, approve, consent, agree to, submit to; endure, tolerate, suffer

it`afe n m supporter, helper, favourer

(g`e)d`afian ged`afa

NED i-thave

t`aht n nt

advice, counsel

it`aht n f/nt consideration, deliberation; design, contrivance, scheme; council, assembly

t`ahten (i~) n f/nt ponder, consider, deliberate; counsel

it`ahte, it`ahtend, it`ahtere n adviser, counsellor

it`ahtendlic adj deliberative

t`eaht (g`e)t`eahtian g`et`eaht~a ~end ~ere ~endlic`

1 2

t`an (t`onne) conj

than

t`onne (t`anne/t`on)

PC2 t`an(ne), Orm t`ann, Ch then/than(ne), MED than

~

t`ank (i~) n m

thanks, gratitude, reward; thought, mind, reflection

t`anken v w thank

t`ankes adv willingly

unt`ankes adv/n unwillingly; unwillingness

t`ankwurth adj acceptable, memorable

aft`ank n m insult, offence; displeasure

t`enken (c) v w irr; t`ohte think, intend

bet`enken (c) v consider, reflect

t`inken (c) v w irr; t`uhte seem, appear

oft`inken (c) v offend, insult, grieve

t`oht (i~) n nt idea, thought

t`anc (o) ~ian ~ian ~weort` aef~ g`e~, t`enc`an be~ t`o_hte, t`ync`an of~ t`u_hte

PC2 t`ankes, Orm t`annkenn (unn)t`annkess, t`ennkenn t`ohhte t`ohht, t`innket`t` t`uhhte, AW t`enchen, t`unched` t`uhte, Owl t`inkt` (t`unch) t`uy`te of~, Ch thank (o) thanke(n), thenke(n) (ch), thynke(n)

t`anne (t`onne) adv

then, when

t`onne (t`anne/t`on)

Orm t`anne (t`ann/t`ane), AW t`enne, Ch than(ne)/thenne, MED thanne

t`e def, conj

the; which

t`at dem pron/adj nt, conj that; which

t`a_ dem pron/adj pl those

t`as adv/dem pron gen afterwards, thence, accordingly

t`as t`e conj after, since

t`i_, t`ae_m, t`an dem pron (for/mid ~) that

se t`one t`aes t`ae_m t`y_ t`aet se_o t`a_ t`ae_re t`a_ t`a_ra t`a_m; t`e, t`aet(te)

PC2 t`e t`at (ae/e) t`a, Orm t`e t`att t`a, Lmn t`at t`a, Ch the that tho

t`aeh, t`oh adv, conj

though, although, however

t`ohhwet`ere adv nevertheless

t`e_ah,

t`o_ *t`auh

PC1 t`eah, PC2 t`oh, t`ohuet`ere (ae), Orm t`ehh, t`ohh, t`ohhwhet`t`re, Lmn t`aeh, t`oh, Owl t`ey`

t`aer adv

there, where

t`aer fore adv for that purpose; therefore

t`aermid adv thereby, therewith

t`aerrihte adv at once, immediately

t`aerto_ adv besides, in addition; for that purpose, pertaining to it

t`enen (t`anen) adv thence, from there

t`ider adv; ~ward thither, to there

t` ae_r ~aet ~ big` ~in(ne) ~mid ~of ~on ~to_, t`anon (t`eonen), t`ider ~weard

PC1 t`aer ~ fore, t`e(o)non t`anon, PC2 t`aer (e) tharof, t`ider, Orm t`aer ~fore ~ fra ~off(e) ~one, t`iderr, Lmn t`eonene t`enne, t`ider, Chther ~ fore, thenne ~s, MED ther -at -mid -from -of -on -to_, thenne ~s

t`aer t`aer - there where; t`enen + ~es gen > t`ennes | cp ay`ean ~es

t`ey`n n m

servant, minister, retainer, vassal, follower, courtier

t`ey`nen v w administer, serve

t`eg`n ~ian

PC1 t`eignes/d`aeines, Lmn t`ein

t`enden conj/adv

while, as long as; meanwhile

t`enden

not a good fit for 'during'; required a verb in OE

t`e_d n f

people, nation, tribe, ethnic group; land, region, realm

it`e_de n language, speech

t`e_den v w, n m join, associate; prince

elt`e_d n strange people, foreign nation, foreigners

elt`e_diy`, elt`e_disc adj strange, foreign; barbarous, hostile; exiled

elt`e_diy`e adv abroad

undert`e_den v subjugate, add; addict, addicted

t`e_od g`e~e (g`e)~an under~an el~ el~ig`(lic`) el~isc

PC1 t`eode, PC2 undert`eden, Orm t`e(o)d ~e, Lmn t`eod, Owl t`eode, MED the_d(e) the_den

PC1/Orm/Owl t`eode pl

t`i_gen (t`i_en) v s1 (irr); t`i_ge t`i_get` (t`i_e t`i_ht`), t`a_h t`igen it`igen (t`ungen)

thrive, flourish, prosper, grow, increase, ripen

fullt`ungen (~t`igen) adj adult, grown-up

OE (g`e)t`e_on t`i_hd` t`e_ot`/t`i_gat` t`a_h/t`e_ah t`igon/t`ugon t`igen/t`ogen/t`ungen, fullt`ungen

Lmn t`eh it`eon it`aeh id`oy`en, Ch then thee ythe, MED the_n i~ (t`eah d`ogen t`ogen)

ProtG thinhana s3 > OS/OHG thi_han; shifted to s1 in most daughter languages, but OE has both sets of forms

t`ing n nt

thing, matter, affair; cause, motive, reason; creature, object; act, deed, event, enterprise

it`inge n nt meeting, council, covenant, agreement

t`ingen v w beg, ask, intercede, harangue; reconcile, conciliate, settle, determine, agree

d`ing g`ed`inge d`ingian

PC1 d`ing, PC2 t`ing, Orm t`ing, Lmn t`ing

t`is (~e) dem pron/adj

this

t`ise pl these

t`es t`isne t`ises t`isum m t`is t`is t`ises t`isum t`e_os t`a_s t`isse t`isse t`a_s t`a_s t`issa t`issum

PC1 t`is, Orm t`iss t`ise, Ch this thise, MED this thes(e)

1 2

t`ra_h (t`ra_ge) n f

occasion, turn; period, time

t`ra_g (h)

Orm t`ray`he, Owl t`roy`e, Ch throwe

t`re_ num

three

t`re_fa_ld (t`ri~) adv threefold

t`ri~ pref tri~, thir~

t`rines (~se) n f trinity

t`rite_ne (t`re_~) num; t`rite_nt`e ord thirteen

t`ritiy` num; t`ritiget`e ord thirty

t`ridde ord third

t`ri_e t`re_o, t`rifeald, t`rin(n)es, t`re_o-ti_ne (i_e/y_) t`reotty_ne t`re_ote_od`a (t`rytte_od`a), t`ri_tig` (t`rittig`) t`ri_tigod`a (t`re_otteogat`a), t`ridda

PC1 t`rittiga t`ridde t`reotted`an, PC2 t`re, Orm t`reo t`refald t`rittene t`rittiy` t`ridde t`rittende, Lmn t`reo t`ritti, AW t`reo ~fald ~ttene ~tud`e t`ridde, Ch thre thrittene thritty thridde, VH 1150 t`reottende, Rwl 1350 t`retet`e, MED thre_fold thrines(se) thrite_ne thriti thrid thrite_nth(e) thriti_the

t`riccen v w intr/tr; t`rihte (t`riccede)

press, push; print

fort`riccen v oppress, suppress

t`riccern n nt printery

t`rake n f pressure, force, violence

it`rac n nt throng, crowd

t`rece n m oppression

d`ryc`c`an (i) d`ryhte/d`rycte for~, t`racu g`et`raec t`rec`e

BH id`ryht, MED thricchen

d`ryc`c`an trample, crush; oppress, afflict

t`ri_t` n m

might, power, strength, vigour; majesty, glory, splendour

d`ry_d`

MED thri_th

t`u_ pron sg2 nom

you, thou

t`e_ acc you, thee

t`i_n (t`i_) gen your, thy, thine

t`u_ t`e_ t`i_n

PC1 t`e, t`in, PC2 t`u, Orm t`u, t`e, ti(n) t`in, Lmn t`u, t`e, t`i(n)

t`ung n m

poison, poisonous plant, wolfsbane, aconite

d`ung

MED thung

t`urfen v ptpr tr/intr; t`arf t`arft, t`urfte (o)

need; be obliged

t`arf n f need, necessity, distress

t`arfe adj; n m needy, indigent, destitute; one in need

t`arflic adj profitable, useful, necessary

it`arfen v w necessitate

t`urfen t`earf t`earft t`orfte, t`earf ~a, g`et`earfian, t`earflic`

Orm t`arrf t`urrfte, Lmn t`urfen, AW t`(e)arf t`urfte

t`urh prep, adv

through, during

t`irel n nt hole, orifice, aperture

e_gt`irel n window

nost`irel n nostril

t`irlen v w pierce, perforate; thrill

t`urh, t`yr(e)l ea_g~, t`yrlian

PC2 t`urhc, Orm t`urrh, Lmn t`urh, it`urlud, AW t`url ~in, Ch thirled, MED thirl ~en

t`us adv

thus

t`us

PC1 d`us t`us, Orm t`uss, MED thus

t`u_send num

thousand

t`u_send

PC1 t`usend, PC2 t`usen, Orm fif t`usennde, Lmn t`usend, Ch thousand

t`waere adj

united, concordant, harmonious; compliant, obedient, agreeable, pleasant, gentle, peaceful

t`waeren v w agree, consent, acquiesce, reconcile; suit, fit

t`waernes n f agreement, concord, peace; gentleness

(g`e)t`wae_re (g`e)t`wae_r~ian ~nes

thild n f; ~iy`

patience

(g`e)t`yld ~ig`

Orm t`ild, AW t`uldi, MED thild ~i

ti_gen (ti_en) v s1; ti_ge ti_get` (ti_e ti_ht`), ta_h tigen itigen

accuse, censure

ti_gend (te_nd) n accuser

te_on/ti_on ty_hst ti_ht` te_ot` te_ah tugon tygen

MED te_n (tegen/teo tyxste tiy`th)

OE te_on s1 (from pOE *ti_han) partly shifted to the conjugation of OE te_on s2 (from pOE *te_ohan); separated here to lessen confusion; cp OS af-ti_han, OHG zi_han; cp wri_gen li_gen t`i_gen

~tiy` suff num; twen~ t`ri~ fower~ fif~ sex~ sefen~ ehte~ nigen~

~ty

~tiget`e suff ord num ~tieth

~tigod`a (~eogat`a)

PC1 fowertiged`e, AW twentud`e t`rittud`e, TH 1200 fowertid`e fiftuged`e, VH 1150 sixtuged`en , MED twenti~eth thriti_~the fourti_~the fifti_~the sixti_~the seventi_~the eighteti_~the ni_nti_~the

1 2 3

til prep/conj

till, to; until

intil, until prep into, until, unto

til

PC2 til, Orm till inn~ unn~, MED til

tilen v w

till, cultivate, procure; to try, aspire to, endeavour, exert oneself, work

tilt` n f cultivation, tillage

til~ian ~d`

PC2 tilede, Lmn tilien tileden, PM tilth

til adj

excellent, useful

til

NED till

Ti_w n m

Germanic god of war

Ti_wesday` n m Tuesday

Ti_w ~esdaeg`

PC1 Tywesdaei (~ge), Lmn Tis-daei, MED Tiues-dai (tiwesday)

corresponds to Mars; possibly the chief god originally; cp L Deus

to_ prep, pref, suff, adv

to; too

to_

PC2 to, Orm to, Lmn to

~

tru_t` n m

trumpeter, buffoon, actor

tru_d`

MED trut`

twa_ num/adj f

two

atwa_, on twa_ adv apart, in two

itwaefen v w separate; deprive

twaemen (to_~) v w divide; divorce

twe_, twe_n n m; v w doubt

twelf num; ~te ord twelve

betwe_nen prep, adv between, among; meanwhile

twentiy` num; twentiget`e ord twenty

twey`en num/adj m, n pair, couple, twain

twiy`es adv twice

twe_g`en/twa_/tu_ on twa_, g`etwae_fan, (to_)twae_man, twe_o twe_og`an (twe_on) twe_ode, twelf ~ta, (be)twe_onan, twe_ntig`, twe_g`en, twi_ tuwa (twig`ea)

PC1 tweamde, twelf(e), twenti, twegen, twiges, PC2 twa, Orm twa, twellf(e) ~te, bitwenenn, twenntiy`, twey`y`enn, twiy`(y`)ess, Lmn atwa to-twemden, twelf, bi-twe(o)nen, twenti, tweien, AW atwa tweolfte twentud`e, Ch two a-~, betweene (i), twyes, BH 1175 atwa, MED twelfth, tweoy`ean

twadden v w

adore, worship

twadding n f adulation

twaddung (ae)

ufen adv

over, above, on high, on top; from above

onufen prep/adv above, upon, on; beyond, after

ufer comp adv further up

ufere comp adj later

ufan on~ ufor ufera

AW onuuen, MED oven onoven

rel bufen, up

under prep, adv

under

under

Orm unnderr, Lmn under, SO under

~fo_n, ~standen, ~enti_d, ~t`e_den

unnen v ptpr; an *anst, u_t`e iunnen

grant, allow, bestow

unnan an(n) unnen u_t`e

PC2 unne, Orm ut`e, AW unnen on ud`e, Owl an, MED unnen

up adv

up, upwards

uplic adj upper, lofty, supreme, sublime

upon (uppen) prep upon, on, up to, against

uppe adv above, aloft, inland

ippe n f high point, high seat, dais

u_p uppe uppan (upon) u_plic` yppe

PC2 up, Orm upp upponn, Lmn up(pe) uppen, AW up(pe) upon, MED up upon uppe

u_t adv

out

u_te adv outside, abroad

u_ten adv on the outside, without; from outside

wit`u_ten prep outside of, except

u_t ~e ~an

PC2 ut ute, wid uten, Orm ut, wit`t`utenn, Lmn uten, wid`-uten

~

wa_ (wae wa_we) n/interj

woe, misery, grief, adversity, misfortune; alas, oh

wa_s (wa_wes/wa_wen) pl woes

wa_la_, wa_la_wa_ interj alas

wa_ we_a (wa_wa) wa_la_ (wa_la_wa_)

Orm wa wawenn, Lmn wa wae wowe, AW wa wowes wala, Owl wolawo, MED wo we wowe

1 2

wadenv s6; wo_d wo_den iwaden

go, move, stride, advance; wade

(g`e)wadan (o_ o_ a)

Lmn wod, AW waden

1 2 3

wal n

slaughter, carnage, slain, battlefield

walhalle n f hall of the slain, Valhalla

walkiriy` n f witch, sorceress, Valkyrie

wael ~cyrig`e ~heall, walu

Lmn wael, MED wal, wal-kirie

wal n m; walles pl

wall

weall (a)

PC1 weallas, Orm wall, Lmn walles, SO wal, Ch wal walles

1 2

wa_lden v s7 we_ld we_lden iwa_lden; (we_lden v w)

rule, control, command, govern

iwa_ld n nt power, control, dominion, command

wa_lde adj omnipotent

wa_ldend n m Lord, ruler

wealdan (e_o e_o ea), g`eweald, wealda, wealdend

Orm weldenn, walde, Lmn welden/walden walt/walded`, AW welden walt, walde, MED we_lden (a), ModE wield

wa_ld n m

forest, wood, grove

weald

Lmn wald (ae), AW wald, MED wold

wal (walh) n m; wales pl

foreigner, stranger; Briton, Welshman

walnute n f walnut

wealh (we_al) ~hnutu, weales (a)

Lmn waelh, MED wale

1 2

wallen v s7; well wellen iwallen

boil, seethe, well, gush

wael n m ocean, deep pool

well n m; ~e n f well, fountain, spring, source

welm n m welling, surging, flood, turmoil

weallan (e_o e_o ea), wae_l, wiell (~a) ~e, wielm (ae)

PC1 weallan, wael, Orm wallenn, wel, welle, AW wallen weol(le) iweallet, welle, MED wallen, we_l, wel(le), walm(e) (e)

1 2

wan (wann~) adj

wan, ashen, colourless

wann (won)

SO wan wanne, Ch wan, MED wan

1 2

ware n m

ware, product, merchandise, article; shelter, protection, care

waru

Lmn ware, AW ware, MED ware

ward n f; m

protection, guard; guardian

foreward n condition, bargain, assurance

warden v w; warde guard, keep, watch

war adj wary, aware, shrewd

iwar adj vigilant, alert

waren v w beware, be wary; inhabit

ware n m/f; burh~ inhabitant, dweller

awaren v avoid

warn n f reluctance, repugnance

warnen v w warn, caution

wernen v w refuse, deny, reject, decline; impede, prevent, stint

wert`en war exp realise, perceive, discover, learn

weard fore~, ~ian, waer, warian, waru, a_waerian, wearn, warnian, wiernan

PC1 weard fore~, PC2 forewarde, war, Orm warr, Lmn foreward, warnede, werne, AW warde foreward, warden, wearnen, Ch war, MED ward ~en, warnen, wernen

~

water n nt

water

wad n nt ford, sea, ocean

wascen v s6 (7); wesc (o_) wescen (o_) iwascen wash

waete n m wetness, moisture

waeter waet(e)ru, waed, wasc`an s7 (o_ o_ [e_o] a), wae_ta

PC1 waeter watres, Orm waterr wattress, wasshenn wessh, Lmn water, wascen, SO water, AW wesch ~en, Ch wasshe wessh ~en wasschen, MED washen (washede/wosch/wesch)

1 2

~

we_ pron pl1

we

us (u_s) acc us

u_re gen our

wit dual we, we two

unk acc us, us two

unker gen our, our two

we_ u_s u_re, wit unc uncer

PC2 we ure, Orm we uss ure, witt unnc unnkerr, Lmn we us (ous) ure, wit unc, AW we us ure, unc, Owl unker, SO ous, MED wit unk

waede n f

garment, robe, clothing

waedes pl clothes

wae_d

Orm waede, Lmn wedes, Ch wede

n sg - item of clothing

waepen n nt

weapon, force

waepnen v w to arm

wae_pen wae_pnu, wae_pnan

Orm waepenn, waepnedd, Lmn waepen waepne, wepnen MED wepen ~es, wepnen

1 2

wey` n m

way, route, road

onwey`, awey` adv away

waeh n m; waeges wave, surf

waege n f scales, balance

iwaege n nt weight, measure

way`n n m carriage, wagon, cart, vehicle; car

allway`n n bus

wegen v s5 (w); wah waegen iwey`en (wey`de) carry, wear, support; weigh

wicy` n nt horse, steed

weg` a_~ on~, wegan (waeg` wae_gon weg`en), wae_g, (g`e)wae_ge, waeg`(e)n, wic`g`

Orm wey`y`e awey`y`, way`y`n, Lmn weide, AW wei(y`)en wehed` iweiet, Ch wey (a) awey, wayn, MED weien (wey`en waiy`/waugh weien/iwey`e), wei (waege), wain

wey` interj

alas, oh

wey`la, wey`lawey` interj alas, wellaway

weg`-la_

Lmn wei wela waeilawaei, AW wei ~la ~lawei, Ch weylaway, MED wei ~la(wei)

ON vei; rel wa_

wel adv

well, very

wele n m wealth, prosperity

weliy` adj wealthy

wel wela welig`

PC2 wel, Orm wel, MED wel wele

we_n n f

expectation, belief

we_nen v w expect, believe, suppose, fancy

wenen v w accustom, habituate, inure, train; entertain, treat; wean

wunen v w dwell, inhabit, live; remain, stay

iwunen v become accustomed

t`urhwunen v continue, keep on

wuning v w dwelling, apartment

wune n m habit, custom, practice, rite

bewune adj accustomed, wont

iwunelic adj usual, customary, normal

we_n ~an, wenian (wennan), wunian g`e~ t`urh~, wunung wuna bewuna, g`ewunelic`

PC1 wunien, PC2 wende, Orm wen wenenn, wunenn, Lmn wunie wunede, AW wunie(n) wune, iwenet, Owl wunest, Ch wenen wende wen(e)d, wone(n) woned/wont wone, MED wenen

me_ is awe_ne - it occurs to me; rel win winnen

Wendel n m

Vandal; wanderer

Wendelsae n m/f Mediterranean

Wendle, Wendelsae

MED Wandale

Germanic people who in the 5th c. AD ravaged Gaul and Spain, sacked Rome and settled in Africa

werk n m

work, act

werke adj hard, difficult

andwerk n matter, substance, material; cause

werkful adj industrious

wircen v w irr; wrohte (worhte) work, act, perform; fashion, construct

iwirht n f/nt deed, service; desert, merit

wrihte (wirhte) n author, artist, labourer, worker, maker, creator, craftsman, wright

wark n m pain, ache, affliction, suffering, anguish

warken v w intr ache, be in pain

endwark n pain in the backside

(g`e)weorc and~ ~e ~ful, wyrc`an (weorcan) worhte (wrohte), g`ewyrht wyrhta (wrihta), waerc (wraec) ~an

PC1 wircen, PC2 castelweorces, wrohte, Orm werrc werrkess, wirrkenn wrohhte, wrihhte, Lmn wurchen wrohte, AW warch, wruhte (ur), SO werk, Ch werk werkes, wirche (werke) wro(u)ghte, wrighte, MED werk (wark)

werpen v s3 tr/intr; warp wurpen iworpen

throw, cast, propel; rush, leap

awerpen v recover, cast off

andwerpen v design, devise

andwarp n m design

eftwerpen v relaunch

innenandwarp n interior design

forwerpen v reject, repudiate, drive off, throw away

onwerpen v throw aside; accuse; begin a web

weorpan (ea u o) for~ on~ wierpan a_~, wearp

Orm werrpenn warrp worrpenn, Lmn worpen we(o)rped` warp wurpen, MED werpen aworpen

rel Du ontwerpen, G entwerfen

1 2

wert`en v s3; wart` wurt`en (d) iwort`en (d)

become, happen, arise

wird n f fate, destiny

to_wird n opportunity

wirdgang n m career

wirdwri_tere n m prophet, seer

iwirde n nt speech; edict, decree

forwert`en v perish, deteriorate

forwort`enlic adj perishable, feeble, ineffectual

werden v w injure, destroy

weort`an (u/y) for~ weort`et`/weort` weart` wurden (g`e)worden, wyrd (eo) to_~, g`ewyrde, forwordenlic, wierdan

PC1 weord`an ward` (ea) wurd`on, PC2 wart` wurt`en, Orm wurrt`en warrt` wurrt`enn (d) forrwurrt`ennlike, AW wurd`en iwurden, wurd`es, Ch wi(e)rdes, MED worthen, werd

1 2

wer n m

man, male

wereld n f world

wer, woruld (eo)

PC1 weoruld, Orm weress were, werelld (eo) Lmn weres, weor(e)ld, Ch werld, MED wer

ModE werewolf, L vir

weren v w

repel, defend, guard, agree by treaty; wear

werian werede

PC2 uuerrien, Orm werenn, Ch were

werden v w

spoil, injure, destroy

(g`e)wierdan

Orm werdenn werdet`t` (eo), MED werden

1 2

wered n nt

throng, troop, band, company

werod (weorud)

Lmn weored, AW weoredes, MED wered

wesen v irr

be

am pr sg1 am

art pr sg2 art

is pr sg3 is

sind, sinden, aren pr pl are

was pt sg 1/3 was

waeren pt pl were

si_, si_n sbj pr be

wes, weset` imp be

atwesen v attend

hu_ art t`u_ exp how are you

wesan eom (eam) eart is sind/sindon (aron) was wae_ron si_e si_en wes wesad` wesende nis; wes t`u_ ha_l

PC1 am sindon, PC2 is was waeron, Orm amm arrt iss arrn sinndenn wass waerenn si; namm niss narrt, Lmn si, AW am is aren; nis; wes hal, Owl art; nas nere, VH synd

contractions - ne + am, ne + was etc = nam nart nis nas naeren

west n/adj/adv; ~erne ~ward

west

westan adv from the west

west ~an ~erne ~ward

PC1 west, Orm wesst, Lmn west

wi_d adj; ~e adv

wide

wi_d

Orm wid, AW wid, MED wi_d(e)

wi_f n nt

woman, wife

wi_fman (wimman) woman

wi_f ~man (wimman/wi_man) ~men (wimmen/wi_men)

PC2 wif wive wimman wimmen, Orm wif ~e wimmaness wifmenn, Ch wyf wyve wyves womman wommen (wymmen)

~ ~

wiht n f/nt

creature, being, person

awiht, oht n, adv something, anything; aught, at all

nawiht, noht n, adv nothing, naught

unwiht n abomination, evil creature

wiht, a_wiht (a_ht/o_ht), na_ht (na_wiht/no_ht)

PC2 naht/noht, Orm wihht, ohht, nohht, AW wiht, oht, nocht/nawt, Ch wight, aught/o(u)ght, naught/no(u)ght

wiy` n nt

war, combat, battle

wi_gen v w fight

wige, wi_gend n m warrior

wi_g`, wi_g~an ~end ~ian, g`ewegen (ae ae_ e), wiga

Lmn wiy`e wi-aexe, Gaw wyy`e, Piers wye, MED wi_, wie (wighe)

1 2

wi_k n f/nt

village, community, region

daet`wi_k n abode of the dead

wi_c

Orm wic, MED wi_k(e)

wi_ke n f

office, function, duty, bailiwick

wi_ke n f

circewi_ke n sacristy, sacred vessels

horderwi_ke n treasury

wi_ce c`iric`e~ horder~

PC2 circe~wican horder~, Orm wikenn

wille n m

will, determination, purpose; delight, pleasure

iwill n nt wish, desire

willen v irr; wille wilt wil(l)e, wolde wish, want, be willing

nillen v irr not wish, be unwilling

willa (will) g`ewill willan wille wilt wil(l)e willat` wolde nyllan

PC1 wille, PC2 willen wolde, Orm wille wilenn wile wollde nollde, Lmn wille, AW wil(le) wulle wult wule wulled` walde walden unwil ~les, Owl wile nolde

wi_nn nt

wine

wi_n

Orm win, Lmn wine, Ch wyn

wi_nden v s3; wa_nd wu_nden iwu_nden

wind, wrap, revolve, twist, circle around

wa_nden v w turn aside, flinch, hesitate

wenden v w; wende turn, go, wend

awenden v change, translate, convert

windan (a u u) g`e~, wandian, wendan wende

Orm winnde wand wundenn, wendenn wennde wennd, Lmn winden wond wunden, wendest, awend, MED wonden (wande)

winter n nt; wintre pl

winter, year

winter wintru

PC2 winter wintre, Orm winnterr, Lmn winter wintere

1 2 3

wit (witt) n nt

wit, reason, understanding, intellect, sense, consciousness

witen v ptpr; wa_t wa_st, wiste iwist know, understand, be conscious, be aware, perceive, observe

niten v not know, be ignorant

bewiten v keep, care for, watch over, guard, administer, lead, protect, defend

wite (i~) n w accomplice; witness; councillor, adviser, sage, philosopher, wise man

wittiy` adj wise, sagacious, skilful; in one's right mind

witlaes adj ignorant, foolish, witless; mad

witnes n f testimony

wi_s adj wise

andwi_s adj expert, skilful

andwi_snes n f experience

wi_se n f, suff manner, fashion, way

wi_sen, wissen v w guide, show the way, direct, instruct

iwiss, wislic adj, interj trustworthy, certain, sure; indeed

to_ wisse (mid ~) adv completely, for certain of course

witt ~ig`, (g`e)wit~a ~an ~ena, witan be~ wa_t wa_st wiste, nytan, bewitian, wit~le_as ~nes, wi_s ~e ~ian ~a, andwi_s ~nes, g`e~wiss to_ ~um ~ian, wislic

PC1 witan wat wisten, Orm witt ~laes, wite, witenn wat wisstenn, wis ~e, wiss to ~e ~enn, Lmn wit, witen wat, wis ~e, wissien, AW wit, weote, witen wat wast wiste, wis, wissed`, Ch wit, wite(n) wo(o)t wo(o)st wiste, wis ~e, wisse

wi_ten v s1; wa_t witen iwiten

accuse, blame, impute, ascribe

wi_te n nt penalty, fine; punishment, retribution, torture; affliction, misery, distress

atwi_ten v admonish

edwi_ten v reproach, reprove, criticise

iwi_ten v look, behold, see; depart, go, die

witnen v w punish, chastise, torture

uten hort let us

wi_tan (a_ i i) aet~ ed~ g`e~, wi_te, witnian, uton

PC1 wite, Orm witenn wi'te, Lmn uten, AW witest edwiten wite, Ch wyten wite, MED wi_ten ed- wi_te

wit` (~er) prep

against, opposed, opposite, facing

wit`standen, wit`eren resist, withstand

wit`re n nt resistance

wit` ~er, wid`re, wid`erian

PC2 wit` (wid), Orm wit`t`, wit`t`renn, Lmn wid`, wid`ere

~

1 2

wo_d adj

mad, deranged, raging

wo_d

Orm wod, Lmn wod

1 2

Wo_den n m

Woden, Odin, chief Germanic god

Wo_dnesday` n Wednesday

Wo_den Wo_dnesdaeg`

PC1 Wodnesdei, Lmn Woden Wendesdei, AW Weodnesdei, MED Wednes-dai

word n nt

word

bi_word n adverb, proverb

bodeword n commandment, message, report

wordwinsum adj affable

word ~wynsum

PC1 worde, Orm word, Lmn word

~

worn n m

large amount, amount, number, quantity; troop, company, multitude, crowd, swarm

worn fele exp a great deal, many things

worn ~ fela

en ~ ~

wreken v s5 wrak wraeken iwreken; a~ i~

banish, expel, drive; avenge, punish; utter

wrake n f/nt exile, punishment, persecution, revenge; pain, suffering, distress, misery

wrecce n m; ~had n f, ~lic adj wretch; exile, adventurer

wrecan (ae ae_ e) a_~ g`e~, wraec`c`a wraeclic`, wracu wraec

PC1 wrecce, PC2 uurecce, Orm wrekenn, wrecche ~liy`, Lmn wreken a~, wrecche, wrake, AW wrake, Ch wreken wrak

wrey`en v w

accuse, impeach; divulge, reveal

wre_y`end n m accuser

forwre_y`en v accuse falsely, slander, libel, calumniate

wre_g`an for~ wreg`de

PC1 wraegde, PC1 uureide, Orm wrey`enn (wrey`h`enn), MED wreien

wri_gen (wri_en) v s1; wri_ge wri_get` (wri_e wri_ht`), wra_h wrigen iwrigen

wrap, cover

wre_on (wri_ga) wre_o wri_hst wri_gd` wre_od` pr wre_ah (a_) wrigon g`ewrigen

Lmn wriy`en wreon wraeh iwriy`e, AW wrihen (wrien) wrist wrid` wrihed` (eo) wreah, Ch wryen wrien

wri_ten v s1; wra_t writen iwriten

write

awri_ten v describe, compose

writ n nt; i~ document, writ, treatise

wri_tan (a_ i i) a_~, (g`e)writ ~u

PC1 writen, writ ~es, Orm writenn wrat writtenn, writt ~ess, MED wri_ten, writ

~

wude n m

wood, tree, copse, forest

wudu

PC1 wudes, Orm wude, Lmn wude

wuke n f

week

wukende n m weekend

wucu (wicu)

PC1 wuce, Orm wuke wukess, Lmn wike, Ch wowke/wyke (i/e), MED weke

~

1 2

wu_nd n f

wound, lesion, cut

wund

PC1 wundan, Orm wunde, Lmn wunde, Ch wounde

wunder n nt sg/pl; ~lic ~ful

wonder, marvel; atrocity

wundren v w intr be astonished, marvel

ofwundren, forwundren v tr astonish, amaze

wundor ~lic` ~ful, wundrian of~

PC2 wunder ~lice, ofuundred, Orm wunnder ~like wunndre, wunndren, forrwunndredd, Lmn wunder wunderes, wonddrede, AW wunder wundre wundres, wundrede

~

wurm (wirm) n m

serpent, snake; worm

wyrm (u)

Orm wurrm, Lmn wurm, AW wurm, SO worm, MED worm

en

1 2

wurt` n nt

worth, value, price, cost; importance

hu_ micel is t`e wurt` exp how much does it cost

wurt`en (wert`~) v w esteem, honour, worship, celebrate, exalt, praise; adorn

wurt`ing n f ornament

wurt`iy`, wurt`lic adj important

wurt`mint n adoration, worship

wurt`nes, wurt`scipe n honour

weort` (wurt`/wyrd`e) ~ian ~mynt ~sc`ipe ~lic`

PC2 wur(t)scipe, Orm wurrt`(e) ~minnt ~i, Lmn wurd`(e) vnword`

wurt` n. ransom; adj. worthy, entitled, worthwhile, valued, valuable, precious, honoured, honourable; wurt`en deck, enrich, reward

win (winn) n f; winnes

delight, pleasure, joy, rapture

winlic, winsum adj pleasant, delightful; joyful, winsome

wine n m friend, comrade, protector

iwin n nt; ~nes gain, profit; toil, labour; conflict, strife, battle

winnen (i~) v s3; wan wunnen iwunnen win, gain, achieve, attain, conquer; toil, labour; struggle, strive, contend, resist, oppose

iwinne, wit`erwinne n m enemy, adversary, opponent, rival

wi_scen v w wish

wi_scendlic adj desirable

wynn wyn~le_as ~lic` ~sum, wine ~mae_g`, winnan (a u u) winn winna (g`e~) wid`er~, wy_scan (i_) wy_scendlic

PC1 gewinn, PC2 winnan wan, Orm winnenn wann wunnenn, Lmn wun wunne (i), wine, iwin, Owl wune wunne, Ch wisshe, MED win, wine, wishen (wiscen)

rel we_nen, wunen

wirt n f

plant, vegetable, herb

wyrt ~g`eard

Lmn wurten, Ch wortes

ifel adj/n nt

evil, bad, wretched; inferior, defective

ifelen v w ail

yfel ~ian

PC2 yfel/yuel(e), Orm ifell, MED ivel

i_t`e n f

wave, surge; sea

y_t`

Lmn vd`e, AW ut`en, MED i_the