Wordhord

~

ágen adj

own

ágen v ptpr; áh áhst, áhte own, possess; owe; have to, ought; encompass

aht n f property, possessions; ownership, control

āgen, āgan āh/āg āhst āgon āhte āhton, æht ǣhte~

PC1 ahte/eahte, PC2 ahte, Orm aȝʰenn ah, ahhte, Lmn agen ah ahte ahten, ahte (æ), AW ahte, PH3 eȝte, SO owhen, MED aught

áglæce n m

monster, demon

āglǣċa (ǣ~) āglǣċ (ā)

MED égléche

ak conj

but, nevertheless, moreover, however

ac

PC2 ac/oc, Orm acc, MED ac (ak)

al adj; ~le, ~re

all, whole

alles adv; n~ completely

eall ~e ~es; ealre ~ fyrst/lǣst; nealles

PC2 al alle alrefyrst, Orm all alle allre læst, AW al alle

áld adj; eld~er ~est

old

alder n m/nt, suff; ~man elder, leader, civil or religious authority; chief-, arch-

alderdóm n m superiority, pre-eminence

elde n f age, maturity; stage, period

elden v w delay; age, grow old

eldre n m sg/pl parent; older person

eald (a), ealdor ~dōm ~liċ ~mann, ealdras, ield~o (y/e) ~ra ~est ~an

PC1 ylde, PC2 ald, Orm ald, elde, eldenn, elldre, Lmn ald, alder, eld(e)re, ealdren (æ), Ch o(o)ld elde, MED alder, elde, elden, eldre

~

án indef, num, adj, pref; ~ne ~es ~e

a, an; one; lone, single

ánes gen, adv one's; once

áne dat, adv alone

anán adv at once

ániᵹ adj; n~ any

ánlic adj unique, only, solitary

ánnes n unity, agreement

áninge adv entirely

nán pron, adj; ~ne ~es no, none, nobody

for þe nánes adv for the occasion; on purpose, expressly; indeed

ān ānne/ǣnne ānes ānum āne, āna, ǣniġ, ān~līc (ǣ) ~nes, ǣne, ānga, ānunga, nān nānne etc, for þǣm ānes

PC1 an ænne anes ane, PC2 a onne nan, Orm a(n) ænne aness ane, nan ~ess ~iȝ, forr þe naness, Lmn a(n) ænne (ane), Owl an anne ane, ene, Ch a(n) o(o)n n~, for the nones

~

1 2

at prep, pref

at; by, with

æt

PC2 at (æ), Orm att

aþel adj; ~nes

noble, aristocratic; excellent, splendid, fine

aþeling n m prince, nobleman, chieftain

éþel n m/nt native land, homeland

æðel~e ~u ~nes ~ing, ēþel

Orm aþell, Lmn aðel, Owl aþele, MED athel, ethel

bá, báþe num (n/adj/conj)

both

beᵹen n pair, couple, duo

bēġen bā bā beġra bām/bǣm, bā þā

PC1 baðe, begen, PC2 baþe, beien, Orm baþe, ba beȝȝenn, Lmn ba beien, baðe, AW baðe, ba, Owl boþe, bo, SO boþe, Ch bothe, MED bothe, bo

1 2

baken v s6; bók bóken ibaken; ~ere ~estre

bake

bakern n nt bakery, bread shop

bacan (ō ō a) bæc~ere ~estre ~ern

Orm bakenn, MED baken (ó ó a)

bak n nt

back

bæc

PC1 bæc, Orm bacc, AW bac, Ch bak

bale n nt

evil, malice; misery

bealu beal(u)wes

Lmn balu baluwen, AW bale (balewe), Ch bale, MED bale

bane n m

slayer, murderer; bane

ben n f; bennes wound

bana ben(n)

Lmn bane (o), AW bone, Ch bane

be, bí prep

by, with, near, about, at, in, on, during, according to

umbe prep, pref around, about

æfre umb hwíle adv repeatedly

be (bī/biġ), ymbe (u/e)

PC1 ymbe, PC2 be/bi, um, Orm bi, umbe ummbenn, Lmn bi, AW umbe(n), Ch be/by, MED umbe

bæh n m; ~ges

ring, crown, necklace

boge n m bow, arch

búgen v s2; bæh bugen ibogen; for~ bow, bend, submit; turn, retreat

bēag (h), būgan (ēa u o) for~, boga

PC1 bugon, Orm buȝʰenn for~ bæh, Lmn beh bæȝes, boȝe, buȝen bæh, AW bohe, MED bei

1 2

bed n nt; beddes pl

bed

bedbúr n nt bedroom

bedd ~es, bedbūr

Orm bedd, Lmn bed bedde, Ch bed beddes

1 2

béd n m

table

bēod

MED beode

béden v s2; bæd buden iboden

offer, bid, grant

bod n nt offer

bebéden v ~end command, order, decree

bebédendlic adj commanding, imperative

bebod n command, order, decree

forbéden v forbid

boden v w fore~ announce, proclaim, deliver message; preach; prophesy, portend, bode

bēodan a~ be~ for~ (ēa u o), bebēodend ~lic, (ġe)bodian fore~, boda, bodiend, bod be~ ġe~, bodung

PC1 bodian, Orm bede bæd forr~, Lmn beoden bæd iboden, bodien, MED béden, boden

bér n m

beer

bēor

MED bér

1 2

bergen v s3; barh burgen iborgen

save, preserve, protect

iberh n nt; ~ges; ~lic ~lǽs, here~ refuge, safety, protection, defence

birᵹen v w; bury, entomb

burh n f; ~ges town; fort, stronghold

burhléd n m citizen

burhstede n m city

hæfedburh n capital city

beorgan (ea u o), ġebeorg ~liċ here-beorg, (be)byrġan (iġ), byrġa, burg (h) byr(i)ġ,burg~lēod ~stede, hēafodburh

PC2 burch, byrieden, Orm berȝʰenn borrȝʰenn, herrberrȝʰe, berrhless, burrh burrȝʰess, birrȝenn, Lmn herberȝe, burh burȝes, burien, AW burhen iborhen, burh

1 2

berh n m; ~ges

mountain, hill, mound

beorg (h)

Lmn berhȝe beorȝen, MED bergh (berȝ/beregh)

bern n m

man, male, soldier, hero

beorn

Lmn be(o)rn, MED bern

beren v s4; bar bæren iboren; for~

bear, carry; bring forth, produce

ibære n f; ~n v w behaviour

bærn n m child, bairn

barm n m lap; bosom

bird n f/nt birth, lineage, descent, birthplace

birþen n f burden, duty

beran (æ ǣ o) for~, bǣr, ġebǣr~u (ē) ~an, bearn, bearm, ġebyrd ~dæġ, byrþen

PC2 bar bæron (for)baren byrþen, Orm berenn barr bære borenn bære bærn barrness birde, Lmn beares bære barme bearm be(a)rn, AW bere bearm bearnes burde

bíden v s1; bád biden ibiden

stay, continue, remain

abíden v abide, wait, await, expect; delay; survive

ibíden v experience, undergo

bīdan (ā i i) ā~ ġe~

PC1 biden, Orm bad, Ch byde bood, MED bíde

bidden v s5; bad bæden ibeden

pray, request, beseech, exhort

bæden v w compel, impel; oppress

bede n f prayer, bead

biddan (æ ǣ e), bǣdan, bedu ġebed

PC1 bidde bæd beaden, Orm bidden badd bæde bedenn, bede bedess, Lmn bidden bad beden, bede beden, Ch bedes, MED ibede, bed(e)

bínden v s3; bánd búnden ibúnden

bind, tie, restrain; imprison

ibínd n nt fastening

bend n f bond, fetter, shackle

bindan (a u u), ġebind, bend

PC1 bendas, Orm bindenn band bundenn, Lmn binden ibundene, bende, AW ibunden, Ch bynde bond ybounden, MED bínden, bínd(e), bend(e)

blód n nt; ~iᵹ; ~iᵹen v w

blood

blōd ~iġ, blōdġian (blōdeġian)

Orm blod, Lmn blod, AW blod, MED blód, blódeke

1 2

bók n f/nt; ~es (béc) pl

book

bókere n m author, writer; scholar

bókstaf n m letter, character

bóken v w book, reserve

bōc ~ere ~stæf, bēc, bocian

PC1 bokes/bec, Orm boc boke, AW bokes

bord n nt

table, board, plank, shield; meal

innenbordes adv; uten~ at home

cuppebord n cupboard

bord innan~es ūtan~es

Orm bord, Ch bord, MED bord, cuppe-~ 1375

brést n m/f

chest, breast

brēost

Orm brest, Lmn breoste, Ch bre(e)st

briht adj; ~en v w

bright

breᵹden v s3; braᵹd bruᵹden ibroᵹden flash, dart, move quickly; twist, braid

beorht (bryht) ~ian, breġden (æ u o) a~

PC1 gebroiden, Orm brihht, Lmn briht, breiden braid (æ) brudden ibroiden, AW briht brihteð, breiden ibroiden

bringen v w irr; brohte

bring

bringan brōhte

PC2 brohte, Orm brinngeþþ, AW bringen, Owl broȝte

bróþer n m nom/gen

brother

breþre pl brothers

brōþor (ġe)brōþor/brōþru brēþer

PC1 broðer breðre, Orm broþerr breþre, Lmn broþer ~en (~es), Ch bretheren/brotheres

brún adj

brown; dark, swarthy

brūn

MED broun (brun)

búen v w

dwell, inhabit, occupy; cultivate

búr n nt room, chamber; dwelling, apartment

ibúr n m peasant, farmer

néhibúr n neighbour

bedbúr n bedroom

wunbúr, kinbúr n living room, family room

būan, būr ġe~, nēahġebūr, bedbūr

PC1 nehhebura, Orm bure, Lmn bur, AW bur, nehbur, Ch bour, neighebore

~

biᵹen v w irr; biᵹe biᵹeþ, bohte

buy, purchase, acquire

abiᵹen v redeem

bebiᵹen v sell

byċġan a~ be~ byċġe byġeþ bohte

PC2 bohton, Orm biggen biggeþ bohhte, AW buggen buð, Ch byeth, MED bíen for~

birne n f

armour, coat of mail, corselet, byrnie

byrne,

brynja

PC2 bryniges, Lmn burne (brunie), AW brunie, MED brinie

cæp n m

purchase, sale, trade

cæpen v w trade, buy, bargain

cæphús n nt department store

cæpman n trader, merchant

cæpstów n market

cæptún, cæpþorp n shopping mall

cæpᵹéld n nt price

ċēap ~man ~stōw ~ġield ~ung ~ian, cȳpan

Lmn cheap, AW chap (ea) chepeð chepinge, MED chep ~en chap-man

césen v s2; cæs curen icoren

choose

kire n m; ~iᵹ choice

ċēosan (ēa u o), cyre cyriġe

PC1 cesen coren (s), PC2 cuson cosan, Orm chesesst chæs chosenn, Lmn chæs curen (i)coren, cure, AW chesen icorene, SO ycore, MED kire

cése n m

cheese

ċīse (ǣ/ē/ȳ)

PC1 ceose, PC2 cæse, LHchese, Ch chese, MED chése

ceste n f

chest, trunk, box; coffin; basket

cist (e/y)

PC2 cæste, Lmn cheste, Ch cheste (i), MED chest(e)

cester n f

town, fort

cesterware n m/f citizen

ċeaster ~waran ~ware

Orm chesstre, MED chestre

cíld n nt; ~hád

child

cildre n pl children

ċild ~ru ~an ~hād

PC2 cild, Orm child chilldre childenn, MED chíld

vowel lengthening before 'ld' (but not 'ldr') in late OE

e ~ ~

corn n nt

grain

morgencorn cereal

corn

PC2 corn, Orm corn, Lmn corn

craft n m; ~iᵹ adj

skill, ability, trade, art, craft; strength

craftige n m craftsman

héhcraftige n m architect

cræft ~iga hēahcræftiga

PC1 cræftes, Orm crafft, Ch craft

cumen v s4 irr; cóm cómen icumen

come

kime n m coming, advent

acumen v; ~endlic come forth, occur, be possible

ancumen v; to~ arrive

cuman (ō ō u) an~ ā~ tō~ cumeþ/cymþ, cyme

PC2 cumen com comen, Orm cum(m)enn cumeþþ comm comenn, Lmn cumen com comen, kime/cume, AW cume, Ch com(e)th cam/co(o)m co(o)me(n), come, MED comen a~ acumendlice

cunnen v ptpr; can canst, cúþe icúþ

know, know how to, be acquainted with

cnáwen v s7; cnéw cnéwen icnáwen know, recognise, perceive

cunnen v w; cunneþ cunnede; for~ test, try, investigate

cúþ adj known, familiar

forcúþ adj vile, wicked, obscene

cúþe n m/f acquaintance; client, customer

kéne adj keen, bold, sharp, pungent

kíþ n f; ~þes kinship, relationship; homeland, familiar territory

kíþen v w irr; kidde ikíþed; i~nes acquaint, make known, announce, proclaim; testify, confess

cunnan cann canst cunnon cūðe, cnāwan (ēo ēo ā), cunnian for~, cȳðð (~u) for-cūþ, cūda, cēne, (ġe)cȳðan cȳdde, (ġe)cȳðnes,

PC1 gecydde, PC2 can cunnen cuþe, Orm cunnenn cann cannst cuþe cuþenn, kene, kiþen kiddenn, cnawenn cnew, cunnenn cunneþþ, Lmn cuððe icud/icuð, cnoweð cneowe, kene, AW cnawen, MED kitthe kíthen ikíthnesse

~

cweþen v s5; cwaþ cwæþen icweþen

say, speak, settle, resolve

cwide n m speech, saying, phrase

(ġe)cweþan (æ ǣ e), cwide

PC1 cweðe cwæd/cwæð, Orm cwaþþ, Lmn quað/quæd queðen iqueðen, AW cweðen cweð cweden

~

daᵹ n m

day

dagen v w dawn, grow light

daᵹhwamlic adj daily

daᵹmæl n m clock

dæġ dagas ~mǣl, dagian, dæġhwāmliċ

PC2 dæi/dei dæies, Orm daȝȝ daȝȝes/daȝʰess, daȝȝwhammlike, Ch day dayes/dawes, MED 1200 daihwamlice

Mónen~daᵹ, Tíwes~, Wódnes~, Þunres~, Friᵹe~, Satern~, Sunnen~

dæl n m; ælc~ sum~

part, share, deal, portion, allotment, division

dælen v w share, distribute, deal out, divide

bedælen v deprive

dǣl sum~, dǣlan be~ ġe~ tō~

PC1 dæl, PC2 to dælde (e), sum del, Orm del dale todælenn, Lmn dæle dale, to-dælen, Owl echdel

dæþ n m

death

dæd adj dead

deᵹen v w to die

dēaþ, dēad,

deyja

PC1 deað, dæd, PC2 ded, Orm dæþ, dæd, deȝenn, Lmn dæð, dæd, deiȝen, AW deien, Ch deye(n) (dyen)

~

dó v irr; dide idón; be~ for~ mis~ of~

do, make; put

fordón v ruin, destroy

misdón v transgress, err, sin, do harm

ofdón v remove, cancel

déd n f; ofer~ deed, act, action, achievement

dóm n m, suff judgement, sentence, ordeal; state, ~dom

démen v w; for~ judge, deem

dōn be~ for~ mis~ of~, dēþ/dōþ dyde ġedōn, dǣd (ē) mis~, dōm, dēman for~

PC2 don mis~ for~ dide (y), dædes, Orm don missdoþ didenn, dede, dom, demenn demmd, AW ded, dom, demen demde, Ch doth, de(e)de

~

dræm n m

joy, festivity; music, singing

dræmere n m musician

drēam ~ere ~liċ ~~nes ~cræft

Orm dræm, Lmn dræm, AW dream

drésen v s2; dræs druren idroren

fall, decline, fail; perish

drériᵹ adj sad; cruel, grievous; bloody

drēosan (eā u o), drēor ~iġ

Orm dreriȝ (eo), Lmn drese, AW dreori, MED drésen (y-drore), drérí

drinken v s3; drank drunken idrunken

drink

adrinken v drown

bedrinken v absorb

fordrunken adj/p ptc drunk, sozzled, inebriated

drencen v w drench, submerge

fordrencen v w intoxicate, make drunk; ply with drink

drinc n m drink, beverage

drinchús n nt tavern, bar

drinc(a) drincan (a u u) ā~ be~, drenċan, drenċhūs, drynċ (e)

Orm drinnkenn drannc drunnkenn, drinnch/drinnke, Lmn drinches, AW drinken adronc fordrunke drunc-wile, drunch, MED drink(e), drinch(e)

~

driht n f

company, band of retainers, army; multitude

drihten n m; ~lic ~dóm Lord, chief, ruler, majesty

drégen v s2; dræh drugen idrogen undergo, experience, endure, suffer; perform

dryht, dryhten ~liċ ~dōm, drēogan (ea u o) drīhþ/drēogeþ

PC2 Drihten, Orm drihhtin dreȝʰenn, Lmn driht ~liche Drihten driȝen (g)

dugen v ptpr; dæh dæht, dohte

avail, be useful, be worthy, be strong

dohtiᵹ adj doughty, worthy, competent, valiant, intrepid

dugan dēah dēaht dohte, dohtiġ (y)

Orm dæh, duhhtiȝ, Lmn duȝende, duhti, AW duhen de(a)h, duhti

~

ær prep, adv

before; beforehand

ærlic adj; ~líce early

ærre adj, adv earlier

ærest adj, adv first

ǣr ~ra ~est ~or ~ost ~liċ

PC1 ær, Orm ær, Lmn ær, AW ear ~lice

ærd n m

land, homeland, country

ærden (on~) v w dwell, inhabit

eard ~ian

PC1 ærde, Orm ærd, Lmn ærd, AW eard

éce adj; ~lic

eternal, perpetual, durable

á adv; aᵹ ever, forever, always

ná adv, conj never, not, not at all; no

æfre adv; n~ ever, always

æfric adj, pron every; everyone

ēċ~e ~elic ~nes, ā (āwa), nā, ǣfre n~,

ei

PC1 ece, PC2 na, æure n~ æuer, æuric, Orm eche, a aȝȝ, na, æfre, Lmn a, na ~þing, æuere n~, euer ælche, AW eche, aa ai, na ~þing, eauer n~, eu(e)rich

ecᵹe n f

edge

eċġ

Orm egge, Lmn egge, AW egge

ék adv

also, likewise, and

éken v w, adj increase, augment, add, accrue, eke out; great, pregnant

wastem n m/nt; ~bære fruit, growth, offspring

waxen v s7; wéx wéxen iwaxen; ful~ grow

ēac (ēc) ~an, īecan ēacian, wæstm ~bǣre, weaxan (ēo ēo ea) ful~

PC1 eac, westmas (æ), wæx, Orm ec ekenn, wasstme, wax(x)enn wex waxenn full~, Lmn æc/eke æchen, wastmes, waxen weoxen iwaxen, Ch ek(e)/eek, MED éken

el pref

foreign, strange

el~

MED el-

~

ellen n nt

courage, valour, strength, zeal

ellen

Orm ellenlæs

1 2

ende n m

end, boundary

enden v w end, finish; destroy

at ende adv finally

end~e ~ian

PC2 enden, Orm ende endenn, MED end~e ~en

~end suff

doer, one who, ~er, ~or

~ende pr ptc doing, ~ing

~end ~ende

MED -ende

Hælend, Scapend, Démend etc

erl n m

nobleman, earl, count; warrior

eorl

PC2 eorl, Orm eorless, SO erl

erþe n f; ~lic

earth

eorþe eorþliċ

PC2 erþe, Orm e(o)rþe erþ~lic ~liȝ ~like, Lmn eorðe eorðlic

eten v s5; at æten ieten

eat

etan (æ ǣ e) eteþ/et

PC2 æten eten, Orm etenn, Ch eten

fá n m fán; adj

foe, enemy; hostile, inimical, feuding

fæhþ n f hostility, enmity, feud

fāh (ġe)fā, ġefā ~n, fǣhþ

Lmn ifa ~n, AW fa fan i~, Owl fo, Ch fo(o) foos/fo(o)n, MED fo

fader n m nom/gen

father

fæder

PC1 fæder, Orm faderr, SO fader

mín fader hús - my father's house

~

fáh adj; fáge w/pl

dappled, variegated, spotted, streaked; adorned, decorated

fāg (h)

Lmn fah uaȝe, MED fou

fallen v s7; fell fellen ifallen; be~

fall

fellen v w fell, cut down, kill

feallan (ēo ēo ea), fiell ~an

Orm fallenn fellenn, Lmn fallen feol ~len, fellen feolde

fangen v s7; féng féngen ifangen

seize, grasp

onfangen v; under~ receive, accept

feng n m; and~ grip, grasp; booty, catch

andfenge adj acceptable, suitable

fōn fō fē(h)þ (ō) on~, fēng fēngon ġefangen, feng and~ (a) and~e

PC1 fon feng, PC2 underfeng, Orm fon fo foþ onn~, onnfengenn, fanngenn onn~ unnderr~, Lmn fon fo on-, feng (a) fengen on- under-, Owl fo ifoþ, MED fón/fongen, onfangen

faren v s6; fór fóren ifaren

go, travel, journey, fare

afaren v depart

fare n f; suff m expedition, procession; farer

fére n m comrade, companion, associate

féren v w; forþ~ go, set out, proceed; behave, act

iféren v reach, accomplish

ferd n f; ~en v w army; military campaign; march

ferien v w ferry, carry, convey, transport

fór n f journey, voyage

faran (ō ō a) fær -fara faru, ġefēre, fēr~an ~end, fierd, ferian ferode, fōr

PC1 ferode, PC2 faren, ferde, færd, Orm farenn forenn, fere, ferd, Lmn foren, uerien ferede, AW fere, ferd, SO y-fere, MED ferien

fast adj; on~

firm, fixed, secure

fastnen v w fasten, secure, confirm

fæst ~an ~e ~en, fæstnian

PC2 fæston, fæstned, Orm onnfasst, fasste, fesstnenn, Lmn faste, fastnede, MED fast, faste(n), fastnen

~

fele adj, adv

much, many, a lot

fille n f; ofer~ fill, plenty, sufficiency

fillen v w fill, replenish, satisfy

filst n m/f; ~en v w aid, assistance

folgen v w follow, pursue

ful adj; ~le w/pl full

fultum n m; ~en v w help, protection, support, comfort

fela (feolu), fyllo (fyllu), fyll~an (ġe)~ednes, fylst ~an, folgian full-gān, full (ful), fultum ~ian

PC1 fela, fylden, fylste, PC2 ful, folecheden, Orm fele, fillenn, follȝʰenn, full, Lmn feole, fulste ~n, folȝen, fultume, AW ful, Owl fele

1 2

fé n nt

money, remuneration

féhús n nt bank

féceste n f cash register, checkout

féháldend n m cashier

fésarew n nt ATM, teller machine

feoh fēos fēo, feohhūs

PC1 feo(h), Orm Orm fehh fe, Lmn feoh feo, AW feh, MED fé

fénd n m

fiend, enemy

fén v w hate, persecute, regard as hostile

fēond fīend, fēoġan (fēon) fēoġe fēoþ

PC1 feond, Orm fend, Lmn feond ~es, iued/ifæied, Ch feend ~es

1 2

fer adj, adv; ferr~e ~er ~est

far; afar

ferren adv; v w from afar; remove, take away

firlen adj; n nt distant, remote; distance

feorr, feorran, fyrlen

Orm ferr, Lmn feor, AW feor, Ch fer, MED fer ferren

fer (ferh) n m/nt; feres

life, soul, spirit

ferhþ n m/nt mind, intellect

feorh (g) feores, ferhð (y)

Lmn uore, MED fere furth

~ ~

fíf num

five

fifténe num; fifténþe ord fifteen

fiftiᵹ num; fiftigeþe ord fifty

fifte ord fifth

fīf ~ta ~tīene ~tiġ ~tēoða ~teogoða (~tigeða)

PC1 fif ~tig, Orm fif fif(f)te fifftiȝ, Lmn fif ~te ~ten(e) ~ti, Ch fyue fif~t(h)e ~tene ~ty, TH 1200 fiftugeðe, LH 1225 fifteoȝaðe, GC 1325 vifteþe, WB 1382 fiftenthe fiftythe, MED five (fif) fif-téne ~tí ~te -ténthe ~títh(e)

fínden v s3; fánd fúnden ifúnden

find, discover

fúnden v w strive for, desire, head to

fús adj eager, ready

físen v w banish, drive away

fīndan (a u u), fundian, fēða, fūs fȳs~an ~ian

PC2 finden fand, Orm findenn fand fundenn, Ch fynde(n) fo(o)nd founde(n)

first n m/nt

period, respite, space of time

first (y/e)

PC2 fyrst, Orm fresst, Lmn feorst firste, AW first

~ ~

flén v w irr; flé fléþ; fledde ifled

flee, escape

flæm n m flight, escape

flémen v w expel, put to flight, rout

flēon flȳhþ/flē(h)þ (ēa u o), flēam, flīema, (ġ)flīeman

PC2 fleh flugen, flemden, Orm fle(o)n fleoþ (att)flæh, flemmde, Lmn fleon flicþ flæh, flæm, flemen flemede, Ch fleen fled, MED 1250 fledde

flégen v s2; flæh flugen iflogen

fly

flége n f fly

fliᵹe, fliht n m flight

fliᵹehafen n f airport

fliᵹetéh n m; ~téges æroplane

flēogan (ēa u o), flēoge, flyht, flyġe, floga

Orm fleȝhenn fleȝheþþ flæh, Lmn fliȝeð fleah fluȝen floȝen, fleȝen, AW flihð, flehen, Ch flyes

~

flód n m

flood, wave, flow, tide, stream, current; sea

flówen v s7; fléw fléwen iflówen flow

flōd, flōwan (ēo ēo ō)

PC1 flod, Orm flod, flowenn flowedd, Lmn flod, AW flowen fleaw

1 2

~

1 2

folde n f

earth, ground

féld n m field

flór n m/f floor

folde, feld, flōr

PC1 feldan, Orm feld, flor, Lmn folde, feld, flor

~

folk n nt; ~lic ~isc

people, folk, nation, tribe

flok n m; flockes group, flock, troop

folc ~liċ ~isċ, flocc

Orm follc follkess, flocc flockess, Lmn folc folke, flockes, MED folk, flok

1 2

for prep

for, in place of

forþí, forþan conj; ~ þat therefore, consequently; because

for, forþǣm (~þan), forðȳ ~ þæt

PC1 forþan, PC2 for, forþi þæt, Orm forr, forrþi ~ þatt, Lmn forþan ~ þat, for þi

for~ pref

completely, utterly

for~

for~béden, ~hogen, ~lésen, ~démen, ~dón, ~nimen, ~saken, ~sén, ~standen i.a.; has a destructive sense in some cases

fore pref, adv

pre, fore; before, afore, previously

foren prep, adv; be~ before, in front of, opposite; forward

tóforen adv previously

fore foran be~ æt~ tō~

PC1 fore, PC2 beforen, Orm biforenn, AW fore biforen

forme adj

first, earliest

firmest adj sp foremost, leading, most prominent

forma fyrmest (o)

Orm forrme, Lmn forme formeste (eo), AW forme uormeste

forþ adv

forth, forward, ahead, away

forþen v w carry out, achieve, accomplish

forþriht adv immediately, as soon as

furþer adv further

firþren v w further, support, advance, promote

forþ ~ian ~rihte, furðor (ġe)fyrðran

PC1 furðor, Orm for(r)þ forrþ~enn ~rihht, firrþrenn, Lmn forð ~riht, iforðed furðer, AW furðreð, MED further ~en

1 2

forþen adv

recently, already, first; quite, exactly, even

furþum (forþon)

Orm forrþenn, Lmn forþe, MED forþen

fower num; ~téne ~ténþe ~tiᵹ ~tigeþe

four

férþe ord fourth

férþe dæl n m quarter

férþe (dæl) fore ~ ofer quarter to ~ past

fēower ~tīene ~tiġ ~tēoða (~tēogða) ~tigoða, fēorða, fēorðan-dǣl

PC1 feower ~tyne ~ti, fowertigeðe, feorðe Orm fowwre fowwerrtiȝ, ferþe, Lmn feower ~ti, feorðe, AW fowr ~ti ~tuðe (~tende), feorðe, Ch foure fourty, ferthe (ou), TH 1200 fowertiðe, GE 1325 fowrtende, GC 1325 fourteþe, MED four -téne -ténthe ~tí ~títhe, férthe

fram prep, adv

from; forth, away

freme n f; ~ful benefit, advantage

fremen v w; ful~ avail, benefit; perform, accomplish, commit

fremde adj foreign, alien, strange

fram ~ian, fremu, fremian/fremman full~, fremde (~ede)

PC2 fra(m), Orm fra, frame, fremmde, Lmn from, fremmen, AW from, fremien, PH3 freme, SO fram, Ch fra(m) (o), fremde, MED freme frem(m)en (a)

fratwe n f pl; ~n v w

jewellery, ornaments, decoration

ᵹatwe n f pl equipment, trappings

tawen v w prepare

frætw~a ~an ~ian, ġeatwe, (ġe)tāwian

Orm tawwenn, AW itawet, MED fretewiæn, tauen

fræ n m

lord, ruler; god

Friᵹ n f; ~daᵹ goddess of love and home, wife of Woden

frēa, Frīġ ~edæġ

PC1 Fridæig, PC2 Fridæi, Lmn Fridæi, Ch Friday

~

frénd n s/pl; ~lic ~scipe

friend, friends

fré adj; ~n v w free, dear, favoured

friþ n m/nt; un~; ~sum peace, safety

frēond frīend, frēo, frēogan frēode, friþ (~u) un~

PC1 freond, freon, PC2 fre(o)nd, unfriþ, Orm frend, friþþ, Lmn frend, freoi(ȝ)en freoden, frið, AW freohin, Owl fro

friᵹen v s5; fraᵹ frægen ifreᵹen

ask, inquire, question, investigate

ifriᵹen v learn, find out, hear tell

freᵹen n nt question

ifræge n nt report; hearsay, knowledge

fraᵹnen v w ask, inquire

friċġan ge~ friġeþ fræġ frǣgon ġefreġen, freġen, ġefræġe, friġnan (æ u u), fræġning

Orm friȝȝenn, fraȝȝnenn, Lmn fræine ~ien fræinede, AW freinen, Ch frayneth, MED fríen, frainen

fród adj

wise, old

frōd

frume n m

beginning, origin, cause

fruma

Lmn frume, Owl frume

~ ~

gán v irr; ᵹéde igán

go

gang n m path, passage, flow

gangen v s7; géng géngen igangen go, walk

igangen v reach, get; happen

-genge suff one who goes

foregenge n ancestor, predecessor

igenge n fellow traveller, companion

gān gǣþ/gāþ ēode ēodon ġegān, gang, gangan (ē ē a) ofer~, gengan, genge, ~genga bī~ fore~ ġe~

PC1 gað geden/eodon, gangende, PC2 gæde/iæde ieden, genge, Orm gan gaþ ȝede ~nn, ganngenn ofer~, genge, Ch go(o)(n) go(o)th/geth yede ~n (y)go(o)n

gader, tógadere adv

together, jointly

gaderen v w gather, collect

ᵹed n nt; ~des; ~en v w song, tale, speech, recitation

geador tō~gædere æt~ (~gædre), gadrian (er), ġiedd ~ian

PC1 togadere (e), PC2 togædere, gadered, Orm togeddre, gaddrenn, Lmn gadere to~, gædereden, gadelinges, ȝeddes, AW togederes, gedereð, MED yed

gár n m

spear, javelin, dart

gār

Orm gare, MED gore

1 2

gást n m; ~lic; a~en v w

spirit, soul, breath; ghost, demon

gæsten v w terrify, torment

gāst (ǣ), gǣsten

Orm gast, Lmn gæst, agaste, AW gast, ageasten, MED gost, gasten a~

God n m

God

God

PC2 Godes, Orm God(d), MED God

gód adj; un~; betere betst

good

góden v w improve

béten v w amend, make amends, repair, restore

bót n f; déd~ remedy, amends, relief, reparation

gōd ~ian un~, betera betst, bētan, bōt dǣd~

PC1 betst, PC2 god ~ed betere, Orm god bettre bettste bote dæd~ betenn, AW god betere best bote, MED gód ~en un~ best bót béten

gold n nt

gold

gilden v w; adj gild; golden

ᵹelew adj; ~n v w yellow

gold gyldan, ġeolu ġeolwe ġeolwian

PC1 gildene, PC2 gold, Orm gold, gildene, Lmn gold, guldene, MED gilden, yelwe (ȝeluwe) ~n

grim adj; ~me; ~líce ~nes

fierce, savage, cruel

grimmen v s3; gram grummen igrummen rage, roar

gram adj; ~e n m angry, furious, hostile

gremen v w enrage, provoke

grimm (y) grimness, grimman (a u u), gram ~a, (ġe)gremian

PC1 gremienne, Orm grimme, gramm, Lmn gram, AW grim grimme, gremeð, MED grim, gram, gremen

~ ~ ~

grúnd n m

ground, foundation

grínden v s3; gránd grúnden igrúnden grind

grund, grindan (a u u)

Orm grund, grindesst, Lmn grund, AW grinden, Ch ground, gryndeth ygrounde

gume n m

man, adult male

guma

Lmn gume, AW gume, MED gome

gúþ n f, pref

war, battle, combat

gūð

Lmn guð, MED gúth

hafen v w; hafde ihafed; for~

have

habban for~, hæbbe hæfst hæfþ habbaþ, hæfde

PC2 hauen hæfde/hadde hefden/hadden haved, Orm hafenn/habbenn hafe hafeþþ haffde ~nn, AW ihaved

hál adj

healthy, hale, whole, intact

halge n m; ~n pl/v w saint

háliᵹ adj; ~daᵹ holy

wes (þú) hál interj hello, greetings, good health

hæle n f; un~; ~n v w health, salvation; sanity

hāl ~iġ ~sum ~iġdæġ, halg~a ~ian, hǣl~u ~ð ~an; wes þū hāl

PC1 halgan, PC2 halech~en ~ede, hali ~dom, Orm hal unn~summ, hallȝʰe ~nn, haliȝ ~dom, hæle ~nn, Lmn hal, halȝen, hali, hæle ~n, AW hal, halhen, hali, heale ~ð

hálden v s7; héld hélden ihálden; at~ be~

hold, keep; consider

healdan (ēo ēo ea) æt~ be~

PC2 halden held, Orm held ~enn, Lmn hælden bi-haldeð, Ch holde(n) he(e)ld

haleþ n m

warrior, hero

hæle(þ) hæleþes

Lmn hæleð haleðes, MED heleth

e e

hám n m

home, dwelling, abode, manor; estate, hamlet

hām

PC1 ham, Orm ham, AW ham, Ch ho(o)m

hand n f

hand

hand

Orm hannd, Lmn hond, Ch hand/hond

hard adj; ~e; ~mód

hard, fierce, bitter, vehement

heard ~mōd

PC1 harde, Orm harrd, Owl hard

1 2

hát adj

hot

hāt

Orm hat, AW hat, SO hot

háten v s7; heht hehten iháten

name, call; order, command

beháten v; promise, vow, threaten

hátte ~st ~n; pass pr/pt; am/is/are/was called

hātan (ē ē ā) (heht) be~, hǣtst hǣtt (hātest hāteþ), hātte

PC2 hatte gehaten, Orm (ȝe)hatenn, Lmn hateþ hehte, hatte ihaten, AW hatte het/hight ihaten

haþe pref

war, battle

heaðu

~

hé pron sg3 m nom

he

him m/nt acc/dat him, it

his m/nt gen his, its

it (hit) nt nom it

hē/hit hine/hit his him

PC2 he him his it (hit), Orm he him hiss itt (het), AW he hine his him hit, Ch it (hyt)

1 2

~

héh adj; ~ge; ~gere ~gest; ~þe

high

hégen v w raise, lift, erect, exalt, extol

hēah (hēh) hīerra hiehst heāhþu, ġehēgan

PC2 heh, Orm heh heȝʰe hehhre heȝhesst heȝhedd, Lmn hæhȝe ~re, SO heiȝe, Ch heygher, MED heigh heigher heien

~ e

helm n m; ~en v w

helmet, protection, defence, covering

halle n f hall, manor

helen v s4; hal hælen iholen; be~ conceal, cover, hide

helle n f hell

helster n m concealment, hiding place, darkness

helm ~ian ofer~ian, helan (æ ǣ o) be~ for~, heall (a), hell, heolstor, ġehola

PC2 forholen, Orm forrholenn, helle, Lmn halm (æ) helmen, halle, helede, helle, Ch helm, halle, MED helen, heal(le), helle

e

hefen n m/f; hefnes

heaven, sky

heofon heofnes

PC1 heofon heofne/heouene, Orm heffen (eo) heffness, Lmn heofne hæuene, MED heven

here n m

army

heretoge n nt General, chieftain, commander

hergen v w; for~ on~ ravage, plunder, pillage, ransack, harry, harrow

here her(i)ġas, heretoga, hergian (ġ) on~ for~

PC1 here ~toga, hergon, Orm here, Lmn here ~toȝe, hærȝien (e), AW herhede, Ch harye, harwed (y), MED herien

1 2

hér adv; ~bí

here

henen adv hence, from here

hider adv hither, to here

hēr ~inne ~of ~on ~tō, heonon(e), hider

PC1 heonon (heonne), hider, PC2 her, Orm her, hiderr, Lmn her, hennen (eo), AW heonne, hider, MED hér(e), henne(s) (henen), hider

héren v w; hérde

hear

ihéren v; ~sum accept, accede, obey

hérendes n pl audience

hīeran (ē) ġe~, (ġe)hīersum

Orm herenn herrde, Lmn heren herde, Owl ihereþ

~

hí pron pl3 nom

they

hem acc/dat them

here gen their

hīe hīe heora (ie/i) him/heom,

þeir þeira

PC2 hi her(e) heom, Orm þeȝȝ ~re, here (eo) hem, Lmn hi (eo/a) heore h(e)om, þaie, Owl hi hore hom, PM hi, SO he her hem, þai, Ch they, hir/her(e) hem

hiᵹe n m

mind, disposition, intention, desire; heart, courage

ihiᵹd n f/nt; ~iᵹ thought, reflection

hogen v w irr; hogede consider, think, intend, resolve

forhogen v despise, neglect, disregard

hiht n m hope, expectation

hiġe ġehyġd hyġdiġ (ġe)hyċġan hogian hogode for~, hyht

Orm hiȝ, Lmn huȝe, hoȝede, Owl hoȝeþ, MED hie, houen

hild n f

battle, combat, warfare

hild

hinden at~ be~ adv/prep

behind

hindren v w hinder

hindan æt~ be~, hindrian

Orm bihinndenn, AW bihinden, Ch hyndre, MED hinde bi~, hindren

e

láf n m

bread, loaf

lafdiᵹ n f lady

láferd n m lord

hlāf (+ diġe, weard >) hlǣfdiġe (ā) hlāford

PC2 lauerd, Orm laf laffdiȝ laferrd, Lmn laues lafdie/læuedi lauerdinges, AW lave leafdi laverd

~ ~

hord n nt

hoard, treasure

hordere n treasurer, chamberlain

hord ~ere

PC2 horder-wican, Orm hord, AW hord

raþe adv; ~r cmp ~st sp

hastily, quickly, promptly, soon

rad adj, pref quick, prompt, active, nimble

hraðe hraðor, hræd (þ)

Orm raþe, Lmn raðe, ræd, Owl raþe, rad

réden v s2; ræd ruden iroden

adorn

hrēodan (ēa u o)

réwen v s2 tr; ræw ruwen irowen

distress, grieve

réw n f; ~ful regret, sorrow, penitence

réwlic adj; ~nes grievous, pitiful

réwsen v w intr repent, feel pity, feel sorrow

hrēow ~an (eā u o) ~(s)ian ~liċ ~ful

Orm reoweþþ ræw, AW reoweð, Ch rewe, MED reuen reusen

mé réweþ: I regret

~

ring n m

ring; link, fetter

ringen v w ringde iringed provide with rings; surround; ring, sound

hring ~an

PC1 ringden, Orm ringenn, Lmn ringe ringeden (rongen) i-rungen, MED ringen (rang/ringde)

~

hú interrog adv, conj

how

hū

Orm hu, Lmn hu, MED hou

hwá pron interrog/rel m/f

who

hwat nt, interj what; indeed, behold, lo

hwám acc/dat whom

hwás gen whose

hwí inst, interj why; well then

eᵹhwá pron; i~ anyone; everyone, each

nát-hwá adj/pron someone

hwá swá pron rel who(so)ever

eᵹhwat pron; i~ anything; everything, each

nát-hwat pron something

hwā hwæt hwone hwæs hwǣm (ā) hwȳ/hwon, ġe~hwā ǣġ~ nāt~ ~ swā, ġe~hwæt ǣġ~ nāt~

PC1 hwa, PC2 wua wat, Orm wha whatt whamm whas whi, Lmn wha whæt wham whes whi, AW hwa hwet hwam hwas hwi, SO wham, Ch who what whom whoos why

hwærinterrog adv, conj; ~of ~fore

where

eᵹhwær adv; i~ anywhere, everywhere

nát-hwær adv somewhere

nohwær adv nowhere

hwær swá conj wherever

hwenen adv, conj whence, from where

hwider adv, conj whither, to where

nohwider adv, conj to nowhere, in no direction

hwǣr æġ~ ge~ nā~ nāt~ ~ swā, hwanon(e), hwider nā~

PC1 hwær ge~ æg~, PC2 nowiderwardes, Orm whær eȝȝ~ ~off nowwhar, Lmn wheonene, AW hwer no~ i~ ei~ ~fore, hweonene (hwenne), hwider no~, Ch whenne(s), whider

hwerfen v s3; hwarf hwurfen ihworfen; at~

turn, change; roam, move about

hwarfen v w roll, revolve

hwirfel n m; ~pól; ~en v w whirl

hwirft n m; umb~ rotation, course, circuit

hweorfan (a u o) æt~, hwierfan hwearfian, hwyrfel hwyrflian hwyrfepōl, hwyrft ymb~

Orm wharrfenn wharrfedd, HR 1175 hwurfon, Lmn whæruen whærfde, Ch whirle, MED wharven (hwarefen), whirlen, whirftlen, umbhwirft

hweþer pron, conj, adj, det

whether, which of two

hweþere adv however, nevertheless

hweþeres pron gen whose, of which

eᵹhweþer, eᵹþer adj, pron; i~ either, both, each; either one, each one

eᵹþer ᵹe A ᵹe B both A and B

náhweþer, nowþer adj, pron neither

hwæþer ~e ǣġ~ (ǣġðer) ġe~ nā~ (nāwþer nōwþer)

PC1 hweðer ægðer ~ ȝe ȝe nouþer, Orm wheþþr eȝȝþerr nowwþerr, AW hweþer ~es eiðer nowðer, Owl hweþer (a) eiþer noþer

hwíl n f

time, occasion

hwíle conj, adv while; meanwhile

hwílum formerly, once; sometimes

hwīl ~e ~um

PC1 hwile, hwilon, PC2 wile, Orm whil ~e ~umm, AW hwíl ~e, MED whilom

hwilc adj/pron

which

ihwilc, eᵹhwilc, ælc adj, pron each, any, every; each one, everyone

nát-hwilc pron someone

hwilċ (e/y) ǣġ~ ġe~ nat~, ǣlċ

PC2 hwilc ælc, Orm whillc illc, AW hwuch, Lmn ælc(he)

~

ic pron sg1 nom

I

mé acc/dat me

mín gen my, mine

iċ mē mīn

PC1 me min(e), PC2 i, Orm icc (I) me min(e) (mi), Lmn ich (ic) me min(e) (mi), Ch ich/I/y me my/myn(e)

mín behaves like an adjective, hence - míne dat/pl

íren n nt, adj

iron; sword, weapon, fetter, instrument

īsen (īren/īsern)

PC2 iren, Orm irenn, AW ir(e)n, MED íren

ᵹare adj

ready, prepared, equipped

ᵹarwe n f equipment, clothing, gear

ᵹerwen v w prepare, equip, adorn; clothe, dress; procure, supply

ġearo (~we), gearwe, ġearwian ġierwan (y)

PC1 gare, Lmn ȝare ȝarewe ȝærwen, Owl ȝare ȝarewe, MED yare yaren

~

ᵹé pron pl2

you, you all

ᵹow acc you

ᵹowre gen your

ᵹit dual you, you two

ink acc you, you two

inker gen your, your two

ġē ēow (iuh) ēower (iuer), ġit inc incer

PC1 ge iure, Orm ȝe ȝuw ȝure, ȝitt ȝunc ȝunnkerr, Lmn ȝe ȝeow eower, ȝit inc incker, AW ȝe ow ower, inc incker, SO ȝou ȝour, Ch yow youre, MED ink inker

ᵹæ, ᵹése adv

yes, yea, yeah

ᵹæten v w; and~ confirm, say yes, consent

ġēa ~tan, ġēse

Orm ȝa, ȝætenn, annd~, Lmn ȝuse, AW ȝe, ȝes, Ch ye, yis, MED ye (yea), yis, and-ȝǽten

~

ᵹæn prep

against, facing, toward, in regard to

aᵹæn, onᵹæn adv again, back

aᵹænes, onᵹænes, tóᵹænes prep against

ġēan on~ tō~es

PC2 agænes (e) togænes, Orm ȝæn onn~ onn~ess, Lmn aȝæn aȝe(i)nes to-ȝeines

1 2

ᵹefen v s5; ᵹaf ᵹæfen iᵹefen; a~ for~

give, allot

ᵹefe n m gift, bribe

gafol n nt tribute, tax, duty

ᵹifeþe n nt fate

ġiefan (ea ēa ie) for~, ġiefu, forġiefnes, gafol, ġifeðe, ġift

PC1 gifene iæf/g(e)af iæfen/g(e)auen gyfene/giuen, gaule, PC2 gyuen/iiuen iaf (a)iauen (f), Orm ȝifenn for~ (g) ȝaff (g) ȝæfenn (g) ȝifenn (g) ȝifè (g), Lmn ȝeuen, gauel, ȝiueðe, ȝift, Ch yeve(n) yaf yave(n)/yeve (y)yeven

ᵹélden v s3; ᵹald ᵹulden iᵹolden

pay

aᵹélden v surrender, yield, cede

forᵹélden v compensate, reward, requite, reimburse

ᵹéld n nt; wer~ payment, tax, tribute

ġieldan (ea gu go) ā~ for~, ġield wergild

PC1 geold, PC2 gæildes, Orm ȝeldenn ȝoldenn (g), ȝeldess, AW ȝelden ȝeald, ȝeld, forȝolden, Ch yelden yald iyolden, MED gild(e) (yild), wer-geld, yélden a~ for~

~

ᵹeten v s5; ᵹat ᵹæten ᵹeten; for~

get, grasp

beᵹeten v receive, acquire, attain

onᵹeten v; under~ understand, perceive

andᵹet n nt meaning, sense, interpretation; intellect, perception

ġietan (ea ēa ie) and~ be~ for~ on~ under~, andġiet (i)

PC1 begeaton beieten, PC2 begæt, undergæton, Orm anndgætenn, bigatt biȝetenn, forrȝeteþþ, Lmn on-ȝiten anȝæt, biȝiten bi-ȝeteð biȝeat bi-ȝæten, forȝeten, vnder-ȝat under-ȝetene, AW bi~ȝeoten for~ under~, MED andȝit, onȝiten, biyeten, foryeten, underyeten

OE ġietan is rare; beġietan is the usual form

ᵹét adv

yet, still

þáᵹét adv further

ġīet

Orm ȝet, Lmn ȝet, AW ȝet

ᵹif conj

if

ġif

PC2 gif, Orm ȝiff, Lmn ȝif

~

ᵹond prep; adv

through, throughout, over; yonder

ᵹonden prep; be~ beyond

ġeond (be)~an, ġeon

PC1 be geondon, PC2 beionde, Orm biȝonndenn, Lmn ȝeon, Ch biyonde, yon

ᵹú adv

already, formerly, earlier, once

ġēo (iū)

BH iu, MED yú

ᵹung adj

young

ᵹugeþ n f youth, band of young retainers

ġeong (iung), ġeoguþ

PC2 iunge, Orm ȝung, Lmn ȝunge, ȝuȝeðe, AW ȝung, ȝuheðe

e ~

king n m

king

kine~ pref; ~lic royal

kinehelm n m crown

kin n nt; ~nes family, kin, kinfolk, race, stock; gender

kínd n nt/f; ~elic kind, type, species; character

ikínd n nt/f; ~elic nature, living things

kennen v w; ~dlic conceive, beget, give birth to, produce

cyning ~dōm, cyne~ ~dōm ~liċ, cyn(n), cynd ġe~e, cenn~an ~end ~endlic ~estre, -cund

PC1 cining king, PC2 king, Orm kingess kinge kinn kinedom mankinne kinde, Lmn king cun ~nes (k) ~ne kine-lond i-cunde kennen

~

land n nt

land, country

ellende adj alien, foreign, strange, exiled

land (o) ellende ele-lendisc

PC2 land ~es, Orm land ~e, MED lond el-lendish

láng adj; lengre lengest

long

iláng adj dependent, belonging

andláng prep along, beside

lángen v w long for, yearn

leng adv cmp; ~est adv sp longer

lenge, lengþe n f length

lang ~e ~oþ ~ian, and~, leng ~ra ~est ~(þ)u, ġelang

PC1 lengþe, PC2 lang, leng, Orm lang, lenngre, Lmn long an ~, leng, SO leng ~er,Hav andelong

last n m

footprint, track, trace, spoor; gait, step; pursuit

lasten v w serve, carry out, accomplish; last, endure

læren v w teach, instruct, educate, advise, enjoin, persuade

láre n f lore, teaching, instruction

lernen v w learn

list n m/f skill, cunning

lāst ġelāst ~ful, lǣstan ġe~, lǣran ġe~, lār, leornian, list

PC2 lastede, lered, Orm lasstenn, lærenn, lare, le(o)rnenn, Lmn lasten (æ) i~, lare, liste, AW learen, leornin, liste, Ch laste(n), lerne(n), MED last

1 2

láþ adj

loathsome, detestable, disgusting, horrible, repulsive; hostile

láþen v w loathe

lāth ~ian

PC1 lað, Orm laþ, AW laðin, Ch lo(o)th

1 2

læten v s7; lét léten ilæten; a~ for~

let, allow, cause; bequeath, assign

lat adj; ~en v w sluggish, slow, reluctant, hesitant, lax, late

letten v w intr; lette hinder, delay, resist

lǣtan (ē ē ǣ) a~ for~, læt ~ra ~est, lat~e ~or ~ost, (ġe)lettan

PC1 læten, PC2 leten let/læt, Orm lætenn let letenn, làte, letteþþ, Lmn late, letteð, AW lat (e), letten, Owl forlete, MED lat(e) latest(e)

~

léd n m

man, compatriot

léde n f pl people, nation, country

lēod ~e

PC1 leod ~e, Orm led ~e, Lmn leod ~e ~en, AW ledene, Gaw lede

léf

dear

léfen v w allow, permit, grant, concede

iléfe n m; ~n v w; ~lic belief, faith, trust

lof n nt; ~en v w glory, renown; praise

lufe n f; ~n v w; ~sum love

lēof, lēaf līefan, ġelēaf~a ~liċ ġelīefan, lof ~ian, lufu luf~ian ~sum

PC2 luue luueden luued, Orm lef, lefe, læfe lefenn, loff lofenn, lufe lufenn luffsumm, Lmn leof, lefuen i-leuen, lof, lufde, AW leueþ leuede lefden, leaf ileuen, unlefliche, MED léf, leve léven, lof

lésen v w

loosen, release, liberate, redeem

forlésen v s2; læs luren iloren lose, abandon

læs adj; suff ~without, devoid of, bereft of; ~less

losen v w be lost, perish; escape; lose

līesan on~, forlēosan (ēa u o), lēas, losian, nāðȳlǣs (nāðe~)

PC1 losedan, PC2 forles forloren, Orm lesenn, leas (æ), Lmn leosen læs iloren forlorene, losien losede ilosed, AW lesen, leosen leas iloren forlore, losen losede, leas, Ch leesen yloren, MED lésen

~

líc n nt

body, corpse; form, likeness

~lic adj suff ~ly, like

~líce adv suff ~ly

ilíc adj; ~nes n similar, alike

líken v w please, appeal

līċ, liċ līċe, ġelīċ ~nes, līcian (ċ)

PC2 lic, lic ~e, Orm lic(h), licc likk, lice like, liccness, likenn, Lmn iliche, lik(i)en, AW lich, ilich (i)licnesse, likeð, MED lich, lic ~e, ilich, líken

~

líf n m

life

lifen v w live

láf n f remainder, relic, survivors

læfen v w; (be~) leave, abandon, cease

līf, libban (lifian) libbe lifast (eo) lifaþ (eo) libbaþ lifde (leofode), lāf, lǣfan

PC1 læuede, PC2 liuen liuede, Orm lif, libbenn lifeþþ lifenn, bilefenn, Lmn lif, libben/liuien libbe/liuie lifde/leofede, laue, (bi-)læuen læfde, AW liuien/libben liuie/libbe liuede, laue, leauen (bi)leaueð leafde, SO liif, live

liht n nt; ~en v w; adj

light; bright, clear

léme n m brightness, ray, beam

leᵹ n m flame, fire

líxan v w shine, flash, glitter, gleam

lēoht (līht), līhtan (ēo), līeġ (ē), lēoma, līxan

PC2 lihtede, Orm lihht, le(o)m(e), AW liht, lei, leome, Owl liȝt, MED lei (leȝ), lém(e)

liᵹen v s5; laᵹ lægen ileᵹen

lie, remain

leᵹen v w; leᵹde; a~ lay, place

leᵹer n nt lair, bed, grave

orleᵹe n nt conflict, war, battle

lage n f; ~lic law, ordinance, regulation

lege n f extent

liċġan (æ ǣ e) liċġe liġst liġþ (ī), leċġan a~ leġde (æ), leġer, orleġe, lagu, legu alder~ feorh~

PC1 læi (g) lægen, PC2 lien lai, læide, Orm liþ laȝȝ, leggenn leȝȝeþþ leȝȝde, laȝʰe, Lmn liggen lið lai læien ileien, leggen leide, laȝe, Ch lye(n) (liggen), leye (leggen) leyde (a), MED leir, leien (1200)

~

limpen v s3; lamp lumpen ilumpen

happen, occur, befall

belimpen v concern, regard, belong to; befit

ilimp n nt accident; event, occurrence

(ġe)limpan be~ (a u u), ġelimp

PC2 belamp, AW limp~eð lomp, MED limpen, bi~

líþen v s1; láþ liþen iliþen; ~d n

sail, travel, voyage

lád n f way, course; leading, carrying

læden v w; ledde iled; be~ lead, guide; bring, carry

līþan (ā i i) līþend, lād, lǣdan be~

PC2 læd ledden, Orm liþenn, ledenn ledde, Lmn liðen lað iliðen, læden lede, AW lade, MED líthen

~ ~ ~ ~

lift n m/f/nt

air, atmosphere

lyft

PC1 lyft, Orm lifft, AW luft, MED lift

lít n, adv

little, few; a few

læs n, adv cmp less

læst n, adj/adv sp least

lítel adj; little; ~n v w little, small, short

læsse adj cmp littler, smaller; lesser, fewer; inferior

lȳt lǣs, lȳtel lǣssa lǣst þe ~e, lȳtlian

PC2 litel, Orm litell little, læste, lutenn, Lmn lut(e), AW leasse least, SO lite, Ch lite lesse/lasse, litel, leest

e

1 2

man n m, pron; ~nes gen; men pl

person, human, man; one, someone

mennisc adj; ~nes human

man(n) mannes men(n) manna mannum, menn~isc ~(liċ)nes

PC2 man mannes men, Orm mann ~ess ~e menn ~ess mennisske mennisscleȝȝc, Ch man mannes men mennes, MED man mennish

amáng prep

among; during

imáng n nt mixture, union; crowd

ġemang in/on ~ (amang)

PC2 enmang, Orm amang, Owl among

maniᵹ adj

many

meniᵹe n f multitude

maniġ, meniġu

PC2 mani(e), Orm maniȝ, Lmn manie, HR meniu

maþel n nt

council, meeting, assembly; speech

maþelen v w talk, speak, discuss; harangue, make a speech

mæþel maþelian (ea), mǣlan

AW meaðel~eð (a), MED mathelen

máþemn m; maþmes pl

treasure, ornament, jewel, gift

imæne adj, adv common, public; in common

mán n nt crime, wickedness

imáne n m community, fellowship, companionship

māðum (mādm) māðmes, (ġe)mǣne, mān ġemāna

PC1 madman, Orm maddmess, imæn, man ~aþ, Lmn maðmes madmes, imane, AW imeane, MED madmes, imene, mon, imone

meᵹ n m

kinsman, relation, parent

meᵹþ n f clan, tribe, nation, stock, race, people

mage n m son, young man

macᵹe n m man; disciple

maᵹden n nt girl, virgin, maiden; maid, servant

mǣġ (ē) māgas (ē) mǣġð (h), magu/maga, mæċġ(a), māge, mæġden

PC1 mæi, Orm maȝȝþe, maȝȝdenn, Lmn mæi meies, maȝe, maiden, BH mæȝða, mage, Ch mayden, MED mei mæith, moue (maȝhe)

mæl n nt

period of time, occasion; meal, feast

mǣl

PC1 mæl (e), Orm mæless, Lmn mæl mele

mære adj; ~þe

famous, glorious, illustrious

mæren v w celebrate, proclaim

mǣr~e ~ðu ~an

PC2 mære, Orm mære, Lmn mære, MED mere merthe (mærðe)

1 2

mete n m

food

éfenmete n dinner, evening meal

morgenmete n breakfast

mete, morgen~ ǣfen~

Orm mete, Lmn mete, AW mete

meten v s5; mat mæten imeten

measure, mete; traverse

met n nt measure, size, quantity

imet adj proper, suitable, fitting

meted n m fate

mæte adj small, moderate, inferior

metan (æ ǣ e), (ġe)met, metod, mǣte

Orm mett, Lmn mete, AW meteþ, met, MED meten (mat)

méten v w; métte mét

meet

imót n nt meeting, assembly, discussion, debate; forum, social media group

mētan mētte ġemēted/met(t), ġemōt

PC1 mot, Lmn mete mette, AW mot, Owl mot, Ch meeten (mete) met, MED méten

micel adj; ~nes

big, great; much

má cmp adv/n (adj) more; longer, further; in addition, besides

máre cmp adj/n (adv) bigger, larger; greater, stronger, more important; more

mást sp adj/adv greatest; most, mostly

ná má adv anymore

miċel (y) mic(c)le miċel~e ~ian ~lic ~nes, mā māra, mǣst (ā) ūt~

PC1 mæst, PC2 micel, ma mare, Orm mikell miccle, ma mare mast, Lmn ma mare mæst, AW meast, SO mest/mast, Ch muchel (mikel), mo(o) mo(o)re mo(o)st

mid prep, adv

with, by means of; during, at the same time as

mid þat adv then, thereupon

mid þí þe conj when, while

mid, ~ þȳ, ~ þǣm þe

PC2 mid, Orm midd, Lmn mid, AW mid, ~ tet ilke, Owl mid þisse worde

midde adj, n f, pref

mid, middle, midway, centre

onmidden, tómiddes prep, adv amid, amidst; in the midst

middel n nt, adj middle, waist; intermediate

midlen n nt town centre

midd ~an ~e ~el, on~an tō~es, ~an-ġeard, midlen

PC2 midewintredai, Lmn mid-festen middenerde a-midde, Owl amidde

mis~ pref

mis~, badly, wrongly, awry, askew

mislic adj various, diverse, unlike

mis~ ~dōn, ~liċ

~dón

mód n m

heart, mind, mood, spirit

módiᵹ adj; ~nes spirited, daring, bold, courageous; proud, haughty

mōd ~ful ~iġ ~iġliċ, anmēdla

Orm mod ~iȝnesse, Lmn mod, Ch mood

móder n f nom/gen

mother

mōdor mōdra

PC2 moder, Orm moderr, Lmn moder, MED móder

morgen n m

morning

tómorgen tomorrow

morgen

PC1 on morgen, Lmn morȝen-liht, AW marhe(n), MED morwe to~

1 2

móten v ptpr; mót most pr, moste pt

may, be allowed

mōtan mōt mōst, mōste

PC2 moste, Orm mot motenn, mosste, Lmn mot most moten, moste

mugen v ptpr; maᵹ miht pr, mihte pt

can, be able; could

hú miht þú exp how are you

maᵹen n nt; ~fast strength, vigour, force; efficacy

miht n f; ~iᵹ strength, power, might

mæġ miht (ea/æ) magon (æ) mihte, mæġen (e) ~fæst, miht (ea) æl~iġ

PC1 mæi magen mihte mihton, PC2 mai mihte (y) muhten, Orm maȝȝ mihht (a) muȝʰenn mihhte ~st ~n, mahht all~iȝ mihht, Lmn mæi miht muȝen (a), main, AW mein, mihte, Owl miȝte, Ch may mowe(n) myghte ~st ~n, myght, MED main

imunen v w

remember, consider, keep in mind

mínd n f; ~iᵹ adj thought, mind

imínd n f memory, remembrance

mine n m; ~lic adj affection, favour, desire; memorial

mingen v w remind, mention

minten v w; minte imint mean, intend

manen v w admonish, exhort, impel

ġemunan ġeman ġemanst (ġemune ġemonþ), mynd ġe~ ~dæġ, myne, (ġe)myndgian (myngian myneġian), (ġe)myntan, manian (o/y)

PC2 gemunan gemunde, PC2 mint, Orm munndenn, minde, Lmn munien muneȝede, imunten, AW munde, munedai, munien munegeþ, i-mint, Gaw mynged, MED imunen (gemuneð 1150), mínd(e), min(e), mingen, minten

~ ~

neb n nt; nebbes pl

face, complexion; beak

neb-réding n f cosmetics

neb(b)

Lmn neb nebbes, AW neb nebbe, MED neb

~

néh prep, adv; nér néhst

near; nigh; nearby, nearly

wel néh adv almost, virtually

næn adv from near by

nælæcen v w; ~cte approach, draw near

neᵹen v w accost, attack; address

nēah (ē) nēar ~ra nīehst, nēan, nēalǣcan nǣġan

PC2 neh, wel ~, Orm neh(h), ner, Lmn neh, wel ~, neor, nexte, AW neor ~re, neste (x), Ch neigh, ne(e)r, nexte, neighen

niht n f; a~ ~es

night, darkness

aniht, nihtes adv/gen at night

niht (ea/æ)

PC2 niht, Orm nahht nihht, AW niht

nimen v s4 irr; nam námen inumen

take, assume, accept, receive, seize, catch

dælnimen v partake, participate

fornimen v; be~ deprive, plunder

niman be~ dǣl~ for~ under~ (a ā [o ō] u )

PC1 delnimende, PC2 (be)nam namen, Orm nimenn namm, Lmn nom nomen, SO nam, MED nimen (nam namen/nomen)

níþ n m; ~ful adj

malice, enmity, spite; violence, persecution

nīþ ~ful

Orm niþ ~ful, AW nið

nú adv, conj

now

nú þá adv presently, currently

nū

PC2 nu, Orm nu, Lmn nu

of prep/adv

of, from, out of; off, away, absent

afere n m offspring, successor, heir; descendant

aften adv from behind, from the rear

after prep/adv; ~re ~este after, along, according to, in pursuit of; afterwards

eft adv, pref again, once more; afterwards, in turn

of, eafora (eafra), æftan, æfter ~ra æftresta, æfweard (o), eft (æ)

PC2 of, efter (æ), eft, Orm off/o, affterr, efft, AW eft, Ch of, after

ofer prep, adv, pref

over

ufen adv from above

ufer comp adv further up

ufere comp adj later

up adv up, upwards

ofer, ufan on~, bufan on ~ a~, ufor ufera, ūp uppe uppan (upon)

PC1 ofer, PC2 ouer, up, Orm oferr, bufenn, upp upponn, AW onuuen, buuen a~, up(pe) upon, MED oven onoven, boven above(n), up upon uppe

oft adv; ~er ~est

often

oft

PC2 oft, Orm offte, SO oft

on (a) prep/adv

on

on/an

PC2 on, Orm onn/o, AW o(n), Ch on/an/a

oþ prep; ~ þat conj

until, up to, as far as

oþ ~þæt ~ þe

PC1 oð, HR oð, MED oth ~that

óþer adj, ord num

other, second; one of two, another

ōðer

PC2 oþer oþre, Orm oþerr, Lmn oþer

oþþe conj

or

oððe

PC1 oððe, MED oth-the (oðe)

pleᵹe n m

play, merriment, festivity, drama, sport

pleᵹen v w play, disport, exercise, amuse oneself

plega (æ) pleg~an (~ian)

Lmn pley pleoȝede, AW pleien, Ch pley, MED pleien

e

1 2

ræd adj

red

rēad

PC1 read, Lmn ræd, AW read, Ch red reed

ræd n m; ~esman ~bore; ~lic

advice, counsel, resolution, deliberation; benefit

ræden v w; rædde iræd advise, deliberate, decide; read

rǣd ~an rēd rēdon rǣdde ġerǣd(en)

PC2 ræd, Orm rædiȝ redenn radde redd, Lmn ræd (ea) ræden radde (æ) rædden

ríce adj; n nt

powerful; kingdom, dominion, realm

rícsen v w rule, tyrannise

rīce, rīcsian (x)

PC2 rice, rixan, Orm riche, Lmn riche, MED ríxen

riht n nt; adj

right, privilege, justice; right, proper, straight

rihten v w direct, amend, correct

rihtlic adj correct

ræcen v w irr; rahte reach, stretch

riht ~e ~liċ, (ġe)rihtan, rǣcan v w rǣhte (ā)

PC2 rihte, Orm rihhte, Lmn ræchen, AW riht, reacheð rahte, Ch reche raughte

rím n nt

number

rímen v w count, account, enumerate

rímere n m computer, reckoner, calculator

rīm ~an ~re

Orm rime ~nn, MED ríme ~n

rink n m

man, warrior, soldier

rank adj proud, overbearing; strong

rinc, ranc

Orm rannc, Lmn rinkas, Gaw renk, MED rink, rank

saᵹen v w; saᵹde; fore~

say

seċġan sæġþ sæġde, fore~

PC2 sæin/sægen sæde, Orm seȝȝen segge seȝȝþ seȝȝde, Lmn sæið saide, AW seggen seið seide, Ch sayn sayde

~

sal n nt

hall, room

sele n m house, dwelling

iselde n m companion, cohabitor, roommate

sæl, sele, ġeselda

Lmn selde, Gaw sale, MED sal(e), selde

~

sár n nt, adj

pain, wound, sore, suffering; sore, painful

sáriᵹ adj sad, sorry

sār ~iġ

PC1 sar ~i, Orm sariȝ, AW sar ~i, Ch so(o)ng

sarew n nt

device, contrivance, artifice, apparatus, machine; trick, snare

ladsarew n charger

serwen v w contrive, devise, plan, plot

searo searwes, searwian sierwan

MED sirwen

scapen v s6; scóp scópen iscapen

create, fashion, shape; allot

iscap n nt; ~ennes n f form, shape

scaft n f creature; creation, destiny

~scipe suff -ship; property, state

scieppan (ō ō a), ġesceap, (ġe)sceaft, -scipe

Orm shapeþþ shop shapenn, shaffte, Lmn scop, AW schaft, Ch shapen shop shape, MED -ship(e) (-scipe)

scaþe n m; ~n v w

injury, harm, hurt

sċeað~a ~e ~ian, (ġe)sċeððan (ō ō ea),

skaða

Orm unnshaþiȝ ~nesse skaþelæs, skaþ~esst ~edd, Lmn scaðe, Ch scathe/schaþe, MED shathe íshathnes scath(e) sceþþe, scathen

scé pron sg3 nom

she

hire acc/gen/dat her, hers

hēo hīe hire

PC1 heo, PC2 scæ hire, Orm ȝʰo hire, Lmn heo/ȝe hire, AW heo/ha hire, Owl h(e)o hire, SO sche (hye) hir, Ch she hir(e)/her(e)

scæwen v w

look, observe, examine; show, indicate

scéne adj beautiful; bright

sċēawian ġe~, sċīene

PC1 scawe, Orm shæwenn, shene, Lmn scæwede, scene, AW scheawen, schene

e ~

scræde n f

shred, cutting, scrap, coupon

ofslehtscræde n discount coupon

scrēad

AW schreaden, MED shrede

sculen v ptpr; scal scalt, sculde

must, have to, shall, be obliged; should

scild n f; ~iᵹ offence, fault, crime, guilt

sċulan sċeal sċealt sċulen sċ(e)olde, (ġe)sċyld ~iġ

PC2 sculde, Orm shall shallt shulenn shollde, Lmn scal scalt scullen, AW schulde

sæ n m/f

sea

éger n nt; ~stræm flood, high tide; sea

holm n m wave, sea, ocean; island in lake or river

mere n m; ~strét sea, ocean; lake, pond, pool

sǣ, ēgor ~strēam, holm, mere ~strǣta

PC2 sæ, Orm sæ, marr, Lmn sæ, MED mere

sécen v w irr; sohte; be~ þurh~

seek, search

sake n f dispute, strife, contest, cause, sake, trial, prosecution, lawsuit

andsac n denial, refusal, resistance

andsake, wiþersake n adversary; denier, apostate

saken v s6; sók sóken isaken; for~ dispute, wrangle, strive, contend, compete

sóken n f inquiry, persecution

sēċan sohte be~, sacu sæċċ sacan (ō ō a) for~, and~saca ~sæċ, sōcn

PC1 saca, socne, Orm sekenn þurrh~ sohht, sake forrsoc forrsokenn forrsakenn, Lmn sake forsaken, socn, Owl secheþ, Ch seche(n) (k), soken

sefe n m

mind, spirit, heart; understanding

sefa

secᵹ n m

man, warrior, knight

gársecᵹ n ocean

seċġ, gār~

Lmn seg segges, MED segge

sél n m/f; ~þe

occasion, opportunity, time; happiness, good fortune, prosperity

iséliᵹ adj fortunate, happy, prosperous

sǣl (ē) (ġe)~þ ġe~iġ(e) ġe~an, sēl ~ra ~est

Orm sel sellþe, Lmn sel iseli, MED sél(e) iséli(ȝ) sélthe

self pron; ~e dat/pl

self, same

self

PC1 selue, Orm sellf ~e, Lmn seolf

sellen v w irr; sálde

give, supply, sell; give up

sellan (eo/i/y) sealde (ġe)seald

PC1 sælde, Orm sellenn, Lmn seollen salde, AW sullen salde, Ch selle(n) solde

e ~

sén v s5 irr, n f; sé séþ, sah sagen isegen; for~ for~ þurh~

see, perceive; vision

besén v look round; look after, provide for

fersén n television

iséne adj evident, apparent, visible

sihþ n f sight, vision, aspect

sēon sēo siehst siehþ (sīþ), seah sāwon (sǣgon) sewen (segen), sīen ġesīene, sihð ġe~

PC1 seð (eo) sægon/sawon segon, Orm seo sest seþ (eo), sahh sæȝʰenn seȝʰenn, þurrhseþ, sihhþe, AW sihðe, Owl sen isene, Ch sé(n) seyen/sawe, MED sén (seiȝen, séghe)

~ ~ ~

siᵹe n m; ~fast adj

victory, success, triumph

siġe sigor ~fæst

PC1 sige, Orm siȝe siȝȝefasst, Lmn siȝe

- en

sink n nt

treasure, ornament

sinc

siþen adv/conj

afterwards, after, subsequently, since

síþ adv; ~re ~est later; afterwards

siþþa(n) (eo/y), sīð ~or ~est ~līċe

PC2 syþen, Orm siþþenn, siþreCh sithen, MED síthelí

1 2

síþ n m; ~en v w

journey, venture, adventure, exploit; time, occasion

isíþ n; ~scipe companion, fellow

senden v w; sende isend send

sīþ ~ian ġe~ mid~ian ġe~~scipe, sendan sende ġesend

PC2 senden, Orm siþe, senndenn sennde sennd, Lmn sið ~en, MED síth ~en

sitten v s5; sat sæten iseten

sit

besitten v surround, besiege

setten v w; sette iset set, seat, place, arrange

sæte n m sitting, session; seat; region, site

setel n nt seat, stall, bench, throne; place, residence, abode

setlen v w tr settle, place, put

sittan be~ (æ ǣ e), settan sette ġeset, sǣt(a), setl (setol) ~an

PC2 sitten besæt, sette, setle, Orm sittenn satt sætenn, setten be~, sæte, Lmn sat sæten seten, setten sette iset, sadele, sættele, AW sitten, setten, seotel, MED setle, sete

en

slæn v s6 irr; slæ slæþ, slóh slógen islaᵹen (slagen)

strike; slay; beat, forge

islæn v win, gain, conquer

sleht n m/nt stroke, blow; slaughter

ofsleht n discount

(ġe)slēan (slān) sliehþ (slǣhþ) slōh slōgon ġeslæġen/slagen, slieht (ea)

PC2 sloghen, Orm slæn/slan slast slæþ/slaþ sloh sloȝʰenn slaȝenn, Lmn slæn slæð sloh sloȝen, slehte (æ), AW sleað sloh slohen, slaht, Ch slee(n) slough slayn, MED slén (slaȝen), slaught

~ en

snoter adj; ~nes n f ~scipe n m

clever, prudent, intelligent, cunning

snittre n f cleverness, prudence, sagacity

snotor ~nes ~scipe, snyttru

Orm snoterr, MED snoter

e ~

sorge n f; ~ful; ~n v w

sorrow, grief, care

sorg (h) ~ful ~ian

Orm serrȝhe serrhfull, Lmn sorh sor(h)ȝe, sorȝeden, AW sorhe, sorhin, MED sorwe (sorge), sorwen (zorȝen)

sóþ n nt; ~lic adj

truth, reality

séþen v w declare, affirm, testify

sinne n f; ~iᵹ ~ful ~læs; ~n v w sin, transgression

sōþ ~liċ, sēðan, syn(n) ~iġ ~liċ ~lēas synna, sinnian

PC1 soð, PC2 sotlice, sinnes, Orm soþ, sinne, Owl soþ, sunne, Ch synneth, MED sóth, sinne, séthen, sinnen

speken v s5; spak spæken ispeken

speak

ferspeken v telephone, speak by phone

spéc n f speech, discourse, language

sprecan on~ tō~ (specan) (æ ǣ e), sprǣċ (ē) fore~

PC2 spac, Orm spekenn spacc spækenn, spæche, Lmn speche (æ), AW speche, Ch speke(n) spak

spilen v w

play, revel, do sport

spilian

MED spilen

~ e

standen v s6 irr; stód stóden istanden

stand

atstanden v make a stand, remain, resist

forstanden v be of use, avail, protect, defend; prevent, oppose

staþel n m; ~en v w foundation, framework, base

staþelen v w establish, fix; confirm

stede n m place, site, stead

standan standeþ/stent, stōd stōdon ġestanden æt~ for~, stæþ, staðol (ġe)~ian, stede ~fæst burg~

PC2 forstode, Orm stannd~enn ~eþþ (stant) stod stodenn unnderr~ stede, Lmn staþel staþe, Ch stonde(n) (a) stont/stondeth stede, MED stathelen

stellen v w irr; stalde

put, place, pack; set, establish, institute

edstellen v reset

stal n m/nt; ~les pl stall

stille adj still, silent, motionless, meek

stól n m stool, seat, chair

stellan stealde, stǣl ~an, steall ġe~ ġe~e, stille, stōl

Orm stille, Lmn stol, AW stalde istald, Ch stille stol, MED stellen stolde, stal(le)

stemne n m

stem, trunk, foundation; prow, stern

stemnetten n m stand firm

stefn (stemn) ~ettan

MED stem(me)

e

stów(e) n f

place, locality, spot

ærdingstów n dwelling, residence, abode, lodging

webstów n website

stōw eardung~

Lmn stowe, Owl eardingstowe, MED stou(e)

strand n nt

beach, seashore

strand

Orm strande, Lmn stranden, Ch strondes

sum adj, pron, suff

some, a certain; one, someone

simble adv always, continually, continuously

sum, simble

PC2 sum ~e, Orm summ, Ch som, MED simle (simble)

sune n m

son

sunu

PC2 sune, Orm sune, Lmn sune

súnd adj

sound, safe

far súnd, fareþ súnd exp goodbye

ġesund, far(aþ) ~

Orm sund, Lmn sund

swá adv/conj

so, as

alswá adv also, likewise, moreover, then, thus

als (~e) conj as, so

swá same conj like

swā, eallswā (allswā/alswē)

PC2 swa, alsua, als(e), Orm swa, all swa, alls (~e), Lmn swa, al swa, AW swa/se, alswa, as, Ch so, also, als

swér n m

father-in-law

iswér n cousin

sweᵹer n f mother-in-law

swēor ġe~, sweġer

MED sweor

swerd

sword

sweord (u/y/o)

PC1 sweord, Orm swerd, SO swerd

swilc adj/pron

such

swilċ (æ/e/y, swālīc)

PC2 suilc, Orm swillc swillke, MED swich

swíþ adj

strong, powerful, active

swíþe adv very, quite, greatly, severely

oferswíþen v w; ~dlic overcome, overpower, conquer, vanquish; excel, surpass

swīþ ~e ofer~an ofer~endliċ

PC1 swiðe, PC2 suythe, Orm swiþe, Ch swithe

~

tellen v w irr; tálde

tell, inform, recount, narrate

bítellen v speak for, defend, justify, excuse

untellendlic adj indescribable, unspeakable

tale n f tale, fable, story, narrative

ital n nt number, series

talen v count, calculate, reckon

italcraft n m arithmetic

tellan tealde, talu, (ġe)tæl ~cræft, talian

PC2 tellen un~dlice, Orm tellenn talde tald bitellenn, Lmn tellen bi~

tén num

ten

~téne num suf ~teen

ténþe adj tenth, ~teenth

tīen tēoþa þrēo~tīne (īe/ȳ) þrēo~tēoþa

PC1 ten(n) þreotteðan, Orm tene tende, Lmn ten(e), AW þreotuðe, MED ten thríténe ténthe (téþe)

tégen v s2; tége tégeþ, tæh tugen itogen

draw, tow, tug, pull

~toge n m, suff leader

téh n nt; téges matter, material

tēon (ēa u o) tȳhst tiēhþ (ē), ~toga, ġetēoh

AW teon teoð tuhen, MED tén (tegh téð/tihð tgen togen)

1 2

þank n m; (i~)

thanks, gratitude, reward

þanken v w thank

þenken v w irr; þohte think, intend, consider

þinken v w irr; þuhte seem, appear

ofþinken v offend, insult, grieve

þoht n nt; (i~) idea, thought

þanc (o) ~ian ~ian ~weorþ æf~ ġe~, þenċan be~ þōhte, þynċan of~ þūhte

PC2 þankes, Orm þannkenn (unn)þannkess, þennkenn þohhte þohht, þinnkeþþ þuhhte, AW þenchen, þuncheð þuhte, Owl þinkþ (þunch) þuȝte of~, Ch thank (o) thanke(n), thenke(n) (ch), thynke(n)

þanne adv

then, when

þenden conj/adv while, as long as; meanwhile

þan conj than

þonne (þanne/þon), þenden

PC2 þan(ne), Orm þann(e) (þane), AW þenne, Ch than(ne)/then(ne), MED thanne

þe def, conj

the; which

þat dem pron/adj nt, conj that; which

þá dem pron/adj pl those

þas adv/dem pron gen; ~ þe conj afterwards, thence, accordingly

þí, þan dem pron (for/mid ~) that

se þone þæs þǣm þȳ þæt sēo þā þǣre þā þāra þām; þe, þæt(te)

PC2 þe þat (æ/e) þa, Orm þe þatt þa, Lmn þat þa, Ch the that tho

þæh, þoh adv, conj

though, although, however

þohhweþere adv nevertheless

þēah,

þó *þauh

PC1 þeah, PC2 þoh, þohueþere (æ), Orm þehh, þohh, þohhwheþþre, Lmn þæh, þoh, Owl þeȝ

þær adv; ~fore, ~mid, ~of, ~tó

there, where

þenen adv thence, from there

þider adv; ~ward thither, to there

þ ǣr ~æt ~ biġ ~in(ne) ~mid ~of ~on ~tō, þanon (þeonen), þider ~weard

PC1 þær ~ fore, þe(o)non þanon, PC2 þær (e) tharof, þider, Orm þær ~fore ~ fra ~off(e) ~one, þiderr, Lmn þeonene þenne, þider, Chther ~ fore, thenne ~s, MED ther -at -mid -from -of -on -tó, thenne ~s

þær þær - there where

þéd n f; el~, el~iᵹ

people, nation, tribe, ethnic group; land, region, realm

iþéde n language, speech

þéden v w; under~ join, associate

þēod ġe~e (ġe)~an under~an el~ el~iġ(liċ) el~isc

PC1 þeode, PC2 underþeden, Orm þe(o)d ~e, Lmn þeod, Owl þeode, MED théd(e) théden

þeᵹn n m

servant, minister, retainer, vassal, follower, courtier

þeᵹnen v w administer, serve

þeġn ~ian

PC1 þeignes/ðæines, Lmn þein

þis (~e) dem pron/adj

this

þise pl these

þes þisne þises þisum m þis þis þises þisum þēos þās þisse þisse þās þās þissa þissum

PC1 þis, Orm þiss þise, Ch this thise, MED this thes(e)

þriccen v w intr/tr; þrihte

press, push; print

forþriccen v oppress, suppress

ðryċċan (i) ðryhte/ðrycte for~

BH iðryht, MED thricchen

þú pron sg2 nom

you, thou

þé acc you, thee

þín gen your, thy, thine

þū þē þīn

PC1 þe, þin, PC2 þu, Orm þu, þe, ti(n) þin, Lmn þu, þe, þi(n)

þurfen v ptpr tr/intr; þarf þarft, þurfte (o)

need; be obliged

þarf n f; ~lic need, necessity, distress

þarfe adj; n m needy, indigent, destitute

iþarfen v w necessitate

þurfen þearf þearft þorfte, þearf ~a, ġeþearfian, þearfliċ

Orm þarrf þurrfte, Lmn þurfen, AW þ(e)arf þurfte

þurh prep, adv

through, during

þirel n nt; ége~, nos~ hole, orifice, aperture

þirlen v w pierce, perforate; thrill

þurh, þyr(e)l eāg~, þyrlian

PC2 þurhc, Orm þurrh, Lmn þurh, iþurlud, AW þurl ~in, Ch thirled, MED thirl ~en

þus adv

thus, this way

þus

PC1 ðus þus, Orm þuss, MED thus

en ~

twá num/adj f

two

atwá adv apart

itwæfen v w separate; deprive

twæmen v w divide; divorce

twé n m; ~n v w doubt

twelf num; ~te ord twelve

betwénen prep, adv between, among; meanwhile

twentiᵹ num; twentigeþe ord twenty

tweᵹen num/adj m, n pair, couple, twain

twiᵹes adv twice

twēġen/twā/tū on twā, ġetwǣfan, (tō)twǣman, twēo twēoġan (twēon) twēode, twelf ~ta, (be)twēonan, twēntiġ, twēġen, twī tuwa (twiġea)

PC1 tweamde, twelf(e), twenti, twegen, twiges, PC2 twa, Orm twa, twellf(e) ~te, bitwenenn, twenntiȝ, tweȝȝenn, twiȝ(ȝ)ess, Lmn atwa, to-twemden, twelf, bi-twe(o)nen, twenti, tweien, AW atwa, tweolfte twentuðe, Ch two a-~, betweene (i), twyes, BH 1175 atwa, MED twelfth, tweoȝean

under prep, adv

under

under

Orm unnderr, Lmn under, SO under

e e

út adv

out, outside

úten adv from outside

wiþúten prep outside of, except

ūt ~e ~an

PC2 ut ute, wid uten, Orm ut, wiþþutenn, Lmn uten, wið-uten

1 2

wal n; ~halle

slaughter, carnage, slain, battlefield

walkiriᵹ n f witch, sorceress, Valkyrie

wæl ~cyriġe ~heall, walu

Lmn wæl, MED wal, wal-kirie

wal n m; walles pl

wall

weall (a)

PC1 weallas, Orm wall, Lmn walles, SO wal, Ch wal walles

iwáld n nt

power, control, dominion, command

wálde adj omnipotent

wélden v w rule, control, command, govern

ġeweald, wealda, wealdan (ēo ēo ea)

Orm walde, weldenn, Lmn welden/walden, AW walde, welden wealdest walt, MED wéld, wélden (wélded), ModE wield

1 2

wallen v s7; well wellen iwallen

boil, seethe, well, gush

wæl n m ocean, deep pool

welle n f well, fountain, spring, source

welm n m welling, surging, flood, turmoil

weallan (ēo ēo ea), wǣl, wiell (~a) ~e, wielm (æ)

PC1 weallan, wæl, Orm wallenn, wel, welle, AW wallen weol(le) iweallet, welle, MED wallen, wél, wel(le), walm(e) (e)

1 2

ware n m

ware, product, merchandise, article; shelter, protection, care

waru

Lmn ware, AW ware, MED ware

ward n f; m

protection, guard; guardian

warden v w; warde guard, keep, watch

war adj wary, aware, shrewd

waren v w beware, be wary; inhabit

ware n m/f; burh~ inhabitant, dweller

warn n f refusal, reluctance, repugnance; impedance

warnen v w warn, caution

wernen v w refuse, deny, reject, decline; impede, prevent

weard fore~, ~ian, wær, warian, waru, āwærian, wearn, warnian, wiernan

PC1 weard fore~, PC2 forewarde, war, Orm warr, Lmn foreward, warnede, werne, AW warde foreward, warden, wearnen, Ch war, MED ward ~en, warnen, wernen

~

1 2

water n nt

water

wad n nt ford, sea, ocean

wascen v s6; wesc wescen iwascen wash

wæte n m wetness, moisture

wæter wæt(e)ru, wæd, wasċan s7 (ō ō [ēo] a), wǣta

PC1 wæter watres, Orm waterr wattress, wasshenn wessh, Lmn water, wascen, SO water, Ch wasshe wessh ~en wasschen, MED washen (washede/wosch/wesch)

~

wé pron pl1

we

ús acc us

úre gen our

wit dual we, we two

unk acc us, us two

unker gen our, our two

wē ūs ūre, wit unc uncer

PC2 we ure, Orm we uss ure, witt unnc unnkerr, Lmn we us (ous) ure, wit unc, AW we us ure, unc, Owl unker, SO ous, MED wit unk

wæde n f

garment, robe, clothing

wædes pl clothes

wǣd

Orm wæde, Lmn wedes, Ch wede

wæpen n nt

weapon, force

wæpnen v w to arm

wǣpen wǣpnu, wǣpnan

Orm wæpenn, wæpnedd, Lmn wæpen wæpne, wepnen MED wepen ~es, wepnen

weᵹ n m

way, route, road

onweᵹ, aweᵹ adv away

waᵹn n m carriage, wagon, cart, vehicle; car

allwaᵹn n bus

wegen v s5; wah wægen iweᵹen carry, wear; weigh

wicᵹ n nt horse, steed

weġ ā~ on~, wegan (wæġ wǣgon weġen), wæġ(e)n, wiċġ

Orm weȝȝe aweȝȝ, waȝȝn, Lmn weide, AW wei(ȝ)en weheð iweiet, Ch wey (a) awey, wayn, MED weien (weȝen waugh weien), wain

wel adv

well, abundantly, very

wele n m wealth, prosperity

weliᵹ adj wealthy

wel wela weliġ

PC2 wel, Orm wel, MED wel wele

e

wén n f

expectation, belief

wénen v w expect, believe, suppose, fancy

wenen v w accustom, habituate, inure, train; entertain, treat; wean

wunen v w dwell, inhabit, live; remain, stay

iwunen v become accustomed

þurhwunen v continue, keep on

wuning v w dwelling, apartment

wune n m habit, custom, practice, rite

iwunelic adj usual, customary, normal

wēn ~an, wenian (wennan), wunian ġe~ þurh~, wunung wuna, ġewuneliċ

PC1 wunien, PC2 wende, Orm wen wenenn, wunenn, Lmn wunie wunede, AW wunie(n) wune, iwenet, Owl wunest, Ch wenen wende wen(e)d, wone(n) woned/wont wone, MED wenen

werk n m; ~ful

work, act

wircen v w irr; wrohte work, act, perform; fashion, construct

iwirht n f/nt deed, service; desert, merit

wrihte n author, artist, labourer, worker, maker, creator, craftsman, wright

wark n m; ~en v w intr pain, ache, affliction, suffering, anguish

(ġe)weorc and~ ~e ~ful, wyrċan (weorcan) worhte (wrohte), ġewyrht wyrhta (wrihta), wærc (wræc) ~an

PC1 wircen, PC2 castelweorces, wrohte, Orm werrc werrkess, wirrkenn wrohhte, wrihhte, Lmn wurchen wrohte, AW warch, wruhte (ur), SO werk, Ch werk werkes, wirche (werke) wro(u)ghte, wrighte, MED werk (wark)

1 2

werþen v s3; warþ wurþen iworþen

become, happen, arise

forwerþen v perish, deteriorate

wird n f fate, destiny

wirdgang n m career

weorþan (u/y) for~ weorþeþ/weorþ wearþ wurden (ġe)worden, wyrd (eo) tō~, ġewyrde

PC1 weorðan warð (ea) wurðon, PC2 warþ wurþen, Orm wurrþen warrþ wurrþenn (d), AW wurðen iwurden, wurðes, Ch wi(e)rdes, MED worthen, werd

wer n m

man, male

wereld n f world

wer, woruld (eo)

PC1 weoruld, Orm weress were, werelld (eo) Lmn weres, weor(e)ld, Ch werld, MED wer, ModE were-wolf

wered n nt

throng, troop, band, company

werod (weorud)

Lmn weored, AW weoredes, MED wered

~

wíd adj; ~e adv

wide

wīd

Orm wid, AW wid, MED wíd(e)

wesen v irr; at~

be

am pr sg1 am

art pr sg2 art

is pr sg3 is

sinden, aren pr pl are

was pt sg 1/3 was

wæren pt pl were

sí, sín sbj pr be

wes, weseþ imp be

hú art þú exp how are you

wesan eom (eam) eart is sind/sindon (aron) was wǣron sīe sīen wes wesað wesende nis

PC1 am sindon, PC2 is was wæron, Orm amm arrt iss arrn sinndenn wass wærenn si; namm niss narrt, Lmn si, AW am is aren; nis; wes hal, Owl art; nas nere, VH synd

contractions - ne + am, ne + was etc = nam nart nis nas næren

~ ~

wiht n f/nt

creature, being, person

awiht, oht n, adv something, anything; aught, at all

nawiht, noht n, adv nothing, naught

unwiht n abomination, evil creature

wiht, āwiht (āht/ōht), nāht (nāwiht/nōht)

PC2 naht/noht, Orm wihht, ohht, nohht, AW wiht, oht, nocht/nawt, Ch wight, aught/o(u)ght, naught/no(u)ght

wiᵹ n nt

war, combat, battle

wígen v w fight

wige n m warrior

wīġ, wīg~an ~ian ~end, ġewegen (æ ǣ e), wiga

Lmn wiȝe wi-æxe, Gaw wyȝe, Piers wye, MED wí, wie (wighe)

wille n m

will, determination, purpose; delight, pleasure

iwill n nt wish, desire

willen v irr; wille wilt pr, wolde pt wish, want, be willing

nillen v irr not wish, be unwilling

willa (will) ġewill willan wille wilt wil(l)e willaþ wolde nyllan

PC1 wille, PC2 willen wolde, Orm wille wilenn wile wollde nollde, Lmn wille, AW wil(le) wulle wult wule wulleð walde walden unwil ~les, Owl wile nolde

e

wínden v s3; wánd wúnden iwúnden

wind, wrap, revolve, twist, circle around

wánden v w turn aside, flinch, hesitate

wenden v w; wende turn, go, wend

awenden v change, translate, convert

windan (a u u) ġe~, wandian, wendan wende ā~

Orm winnde wand wundenn, wendenn wennde wennd, Lmn winden wond wunden, wendest, awend, MED wonden (wande)

winter n nt; wintre

winter, year

winter wintru

PC2 winter wintre, Orm winnterr, Lmn winter wintere

~ ~

1 2 3

wit n nt; ~tiᵹ, ~læs

wit, reason, understanding, intellect, sense, consciousness

witen v ptpr; wát wást, wiste iwist know, understand, be conscious, be aware, perceive, observe

niten v not know, be ignorant

bewiten v watch over, guard, administer

wite n w sage, philosopher, councillor, adviser; accomplice; witness

witnes n f testimony

wís adj wise

andwís adj; ~nes expert, skilful

wíse n f, suff manner, fashion, way

wísen v w guide, show the way, direct, instruct

iwiss interj, adj indeed; certain, sure; trustworthy

tó wisse adv completely, for certain of course

witt ~iġ, (ġe)wit~a ~an ~ena, witan be~ wāt wāst wiste, nytan, bewitian, wit~lēas ~nes, wīs ~e ~ian ~a, andwīs ~nes, ġe~wiss tō ~um ~ian, wislic

PC1 witan wat wisten, Orm witt ~læs, wite, witenn wat wisstenn, wis ~e, wiss to ~e ~enn, Lmn wit, witen wat, wis ~e, wissien, AW wit, weote, witen wat wast wiste, wis, wisseð, Ch wit, wite(n) wo(o)t wo(o)st wiste, wis ~e, wisse

wíten v s1; wát witen iwiten

accuse, blame, impute, ascribe

wíte n nt penalty, fine; punishment, retribution, torture; affliction, misery, distress

edwíten v; at~ reproach, criticise

iwíten v look, behold, see; depart, go, die

witnen v w punish, chastise, torture

uten hort let us

wītan (ā i i) æt~ ed~ ġe~, wīte, witnian, uton

PC1 wite, Orm witenn wi'te, Lmn uten, AW witest edwiten wite, Ch wyten wite, MED wíten ed- wíte

wiþ (~er) prep

against, opposed, opposite, facing

wiþre n nt; ~n v w resistance

wiþ ~er, wiðre, wiðerian

PC2 wiþ (wid), Orm wiþþ, wiþþrenn, Lmn wið, wiðere

~ ~

word n nt

word

word

PC1 worde, Orm word, Lmn word

~ ~ e

wreken v s5 wrak wræken iwreken; a~ i~

banish, expel, drive; avenge, punish; utter

wrake n f/nt exile, punishment, persecution, revenge; pain, suffering, distress, misery

wrecce n m; ~had n f, ~lic adj wretch; exile, adventurer

wrecan (æ ǣ e) ā~ ġe~, wræċċa wræcliċ, wracu wræc

PC1 wrecce, PC2 uurecce, Orm wrekenn, wrecche ~liȝ, Lmn wreken a~, wrecche, wrake, AW wrake, Ch wreken wrak

e ~

wude n m

wood, tree, copse, forest

wudu

PC1 wudes, Orm wude, Lmn wude

~ ~

wunder n nt sg/pl; ~lic ~ful

wonder, marvel; atrocity

wundren v w intr be astonished, marvel

ofwundren v tr; for~ astonish, amaze

wundor ~liċ ~ful, wundrian of~

PC2 wunder ~lice, ofuundred, Orm wunnder ~like wunndre, wunndren, forrwunndredd, Lmn wunder wunderes, wonddrede, AW wunder wundre wundres, wundrede

~

wurm n m

serpent, snake; worm

wyrm (u)

Orm wurrm, Lmn wurm, AW wurm, SO worm, MED worm

1 2

wurþ n nt; ~ful ~lic

worth, value, price, cost; importance

hú micel is þe wurþ exp how much does it cost

wurþen v w; ~ing esteem, honour, worship, celebrate, exalt, praise

wurþscipe n; ~nes ~mint honour, dignity, respect, esteem

weorþ (wurþ/wyrðe) ~ful ~liċ ~ian ~ung ~mynt ~nes ~sċipe

PC2 wur(t)scipe, Orm wurrþ(e) ~minnt ~i, Lmn wurð(e) vnworð

win n f; winnes; ~lic ~sum

delight, pleasure, joy, rapture

wine n m friend, comrade, protector

iwin n nt; ~nes gain, profit; toil, labour; conflict, strife, battle

winnen v s3; wan wunnen iwunnen win, gain, achieve, attain, conquer; toil, labour; struggle, strive, contend, resist, oppose

iwinne, wiþerwinne n m enemy, adversary, opponent, rival

wíscen v w; ~ndlic wish, desire

wynn wyn~lēas ~liċ ~sum, wine ~mǣġ, winnan (a u u) winn winna (ġe~) wiðer~, wȳscan (ī) wȳscendlic

PC1 gewinn, PC2 winnan wan, Orm winnenn wann wunnenn, Lmn wun wunne (i), wine, iwin, Owl wune wunne, Ch wisshe, MED win, wine, wishen (wiscen)

ifel adj/n nt

evil, bad, wretched; inferior, defective

ifelen v w ail

yfel ~ian

PC2 yfel/yuel(e), Orm ifell, MED ivel

íþe n f

wave, surge; sea

ȳþ

Lmn vðe, AW uþen, MED íthe