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A Grammar of Interlingua

Alexander Gode & Hugh Blair IALA 1951

Index

Alphabetical

a
used to express dative functions §26, §76; used with infinitive §84f.
absolute superlative
§36
accent
no accent marks used §1; see also DIACRITICAL SIGNS and STRESS
accusative
see §71f.
adjective
§31- §42; possessive §64f; demonstrative §78f; participial §93- §97; postverbal §97; numeral §118- §127; used as pronoun or noun §38- §41, also §64, §78; comparison §34- §38; position §33; no inflection or agreement §32; proper nouns with adjectival functions §29; nouns used as adjectives in English §28; derivatives from adjectives §45- §47, §140- §144; derivation of adjectives §139, §142, also §152, §154, and see COMPOUNDING
adverb
§43- §53; primary §44, §47; derived §45- §47; adverbial numerals §130; adverbial phrases §48; position §52f.; comparison §50; see also CRAMMATICAL WORDS
affixes
see also COMPOUNDING, DERIVATION, WORD BUILDING, TERMINATIONS, NATURAL GENDER, PREFIXES, SUFFIXES.
List of affixes and affixlike compounding elements: a- §158, §140; -abile §152f., §145- §147; ad- §157; -ada §138, §152, §154, §137, §145- §147; aero- §161; -age §7, §138, §152, §154, §15, §137, §145- §147; -al §139; -alia §138, §137; -amento §152, §154, §145- §147; amphi- §158; -an §139, §138; -ana §138, §158; -ano §138, §139; -anta §118; ante- §157;-ante §93, §152f., §41, §141, §145- §147; anti- §157; -antia §93, §152, §154, §141, §145- §147; ape- §158; -ar (adj) §139; -ar (v) §140 §154; archi- §161; -ari §139, §138; -aria §138; -ario §138, §139; -astra, -astro §138, §137; -ata §138, §137; -ate §95, §139, §152f., §149f.; -ation §152, §154, §145, §149; -ative §152, §153, §149; -ato §138; -ator §152, §149; -atori §152f., §149; -atorio §152, §149; -atrice §152; -atura §152, §154, §149; auto- §157; bi- §128; cata- §158; centi- §128; circum- §157, §158; co- §157; con- §157, §158; contra- §157; deca-, deci-, di- §128; dia- §158; dis- §157; dodeca- §128; dys- §158; -e §97, §152f., §145, §149; ecto- §158; electro- §161; en- §158, §157; -ena §129; endo- §158; -ente §93, §152f., §41, §141, §145- §147; -entia §93, §152, §154, §141, §145- §147; ento- §158; epi- §158; equi- §161; -er §139; -era §138; -eria §138, §152, §154, §10, §137, §145- §147; -ero §138, §137, §139; -esc §139, §137; -ese §138f., §41, §137; -esime §125, §10; -essa §138, §141, §137, §152; -eto §138; -etta §138, §137; -ette §142, §137; -etto §138, §137; ex- §157; exo- §158; extra- §157, §158; extro-, gran- §157; hecto-, hemi-, hepta- §128; hetero- §161; hexa- §128; homeo-, homo-, hydro- §161; hyper-, hypo- §158; -ia ('-ia) §138, §141, §152; -ia (-'ia) §138, §141, §10; -ial §139; -ian §139, §138; -iana §138; -iano §138, §139; -iardo §118; -ibile §150, §152f., §145- §147; -ic §10, §139, §138; -ica §10, §138; -icida, -icidio §161; -ico §10, §138; -icole §164; -iente §93, §152f., §41, §141, §145- §147; -ientia §93, §152, §154, §141, §145- §147; -ier §139; -iera §138, §137; -iero §138, §137, §139; -ifere §139, §10; -ific §10, §139, §140; -ificar §140, §137; -iforme §164; -il §138, §41; -ilingue §164; -illion §118; -iloque §164;-imento §152, §154, §145- §147; -in §139; in- §157, §140, §158; -ina §138f.; -ino §139; inter-, intra-, intro- §157; -ion §152, §154, §139, §145, §148f.; -iose §139; -ipare, -ipede §164; -isar §140, §15, §138; -ismo §138, §141, §140; iso- §161; -isone §164; -issime §36, §10, §137, §142; -issimo §47, §10, §137; -ista §138f., §141f., §140; -ita §138; -itate §141; -ite (n) §138; -ite (adj) §95, §152f., §148f.; -ition §152, §154, §145, §149; -itis §138; -itive §152, §149; -itor §152, §149; -itori §152f., §149; -itorio §152, §149; -itrice §152; -itude §141; -itura §152, §154, §149; -ive §152f., §145, §148f.; -ivome §164; kilo- §128; macro- §161; medie- §126; -mente §45, §130; meta- §158; micro- §161; milli- §128; mis- §157, §158; mono-, multi-, myria- §128; neo- §161; non- §157; -o (adv) §47, §130; octa- §128; -ographia, -ographo §161; -oide §138f.; -ologia §161; -ologo §161, §10; -omana, -omane, -omania, -omano §161; -ometro, omni- §161; -ophila, -ophile, -ophilia, ophilo, -ophoba, -ophobe, -ophobia, -ophobo §161; -or §152, §145, §148f.; -ori §152f., §145, §148f.; -erio §152, §145, §148; -oscopia, -oscopic, -oscopio, -oscopo §161; -ose §139; -osis §138, §139; -otic §139, §138; paleo- §161; pan- §161; para- §158; penta- §128; per- §157; peri- §158; photo- §161; pluri- §128; poly- §128; post-, pre-, pro- §157; proto-, pseudo- §161; quadri- §128; quasi-, radio- §161; re-, retro- §157; -rice §152; semi-, sesqui- §128; sub-, super- §157, §158; syn- §158; tele- §161; tetra- §128; trans- §157, §158; tri- §128; ultra- §157, §158; uni- §128; -ura §152, §154, §145, §148f.; vice- §157
agreement
no agreement of adjectives §32; in appositives §30; in third-person personal pronouns §58, §61
alphabet
§1
apposition
§30
article
§17- §21; in pronominal use §21; definite §17, §18, §21; indefinite §19- §21
auxiliary verbs
in past compound tenses §105; in future and conditional §108; in the passive §112
capitalization
§14
case forms
see DECLENSION
collateral variant of Interlingua
spelling §15; special forms §57, §79, §116, §134; participial adjectives §97; verbs in -ere §148;
comparison
of adjectives §34- §38; of adverbs §50; irregular forms §37
compounding
§155- §162; by means of prefixes §156- §158; by means of compounding forms §159- §162; with multiplicative numerals §128; in conjunction with derivation §163f., see also §140
compound tenses
see PERFECT, PLUPERFECT, FUTURE, CONDITIONAL; position of pronoun with compound tenses §70
conditional
§107f.; contrary-to-fact condition §103
conjugation
see VERB; no personal inflection §98; table of conjugation §115
conjunctions
§165; conjunctional phrases §166; punctuation in conjunctional clauses §16; see also GRAMMATICAL WORDS
contrary-to-fact condition
§103
dates
§132
dative
expressed by preposition §26, §76; see also §71f.
de
used to express genitive functions §26, §76; used with infinitive §84, §89
declension
no case forms of nouns §26; no case forms of adjectives §32; case forms of pronouns §54, §62f.
definite article
§17f., §21; in pronominal use §21
demonstrative adjectives and pronouns
§78- §79
derivation
§135- §154; from nouns §138- §140; from adjectives §45- §47, §140- §144; from verbs §145- §154; of nouns §138, §141, also §152, §154; of adjectives §139, §142, also §152, §154; of adverbs §45- §47; of verbs §140, §144, and see COMPOUNDING
diacritical signs
not used in Interlingua words §1; in "guest words" §9
diphthongs
§5
double consonants
§6; elimination in collateral orthography §15a
double-stem verbs
§148
duration of sound
§12
endings
see TERMINATIONS
English, distinctive traits
obscured final vowels §3; nouns used as adjectives §28; compounding by juxtaposition §159; omission of relative pronoun §76; gerund §83; 'to' before infinitive §84; accusative with infinitive §90; progressive tense forms §80, §94
esser
passive auxiliary §112f.; optional irregular forms §101, §104
facer
'to cause (to do)' and 'to cause (to be done)' §70, §88
familiar form of address
§57
female, feminine
see NATURAL GENDER
foreign words
see "GUEST WORDS"
future tense
§107f.
gender
see GRAMMATICAL GENDER and NATURAL GENDER
genitive
expressed by preposition §26, §76; of relative pronoun §76
grammatical gender
no grammatical gender in Interlingua §23, but see NATURAL GENDER
grammatical subject
§59
grammatical words
§134 "guest words" §9; in collateral variant §15; plural §25
haber
auxiliary functions §105f.; optional irregular present §101
imperative
§110f.; infinitive used as imperative §91
indefinite article
§19- §21; in pronominal use §21
indefinite personal pronoun
§61
infinitive
§81- §92; terminations §82; use of prepositions with infinitive §84- §89; position in relation to pronoun §69; in questions §92; for general topics, see VERB
interrogative particle
§116; followed by infinitive §92
intonation
§12
irregular forms
of plurals in "guest words" §25; of derived adverbs §47, §49; of comparison §37; of verb stems §146, §148f., §152
male, masculine
see NATURAL GENDER
natural gender
in pronominal use of articles §21; in nouns §24; in appositives §30; see also PERSONAL PRONOUNS and DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES; substitute for gender in third-person possessives §65
neuter
see NATURAL GENDER
nominative
see SUBJECT CASE
noun
§22- §30; see also SURSTANTIVE and PROPER NOUNS; adjectives used as nouns §38- §41; English nouns with adjectival functions §28; derivatives from nouns §138- §140; derivation of nouns §138- §141, also §152, §154, and see COMPOUNDING
numerals
§118- §133; adverbial §130; cardinal §118- §124; ordinal §125; collective §129; decimal §123; fractional §126; multiplicative §127; multiplicative compounds §128
optative
§111
orthographic change
in derivation §137; in plural formations §25
orthography
see SPELLING
participle
see PRESENT PARTICIPILE and PAST PARTICIPLE
parts of speech
§17- §133; see NOUN, ADJECTIVEj etc.
passive
§112- §114; expressed in reflexive constructions §68; passive infinitive §88
past participle
§95- §97; position in relation to pronoun §69
past tense
§102- §104; optional irregular form of easer §104
perfect tense
§105f.
personal pronoun
§54- §63, §69- §73; tabular presentation §54; third-person gender and agreement §58, §61; indefinite §60; case forms §63; position §69- §71, §73; omission of §59
phrases
adverbial §48; prepositional and conjunctional §166
pluperfect tense
§105f.
plural
of nouns §25, §29; of adjectives used as pronouns or nouns §39; of pronouns §61; optional plural of present tense of esser §101
polite form of address
§57
possessive
see GENITIVE
possessive adjectives
§64, §65; tabular presentation §54
prefixes
§155- §158, also §161a, §164; see AFFIXES for complete list
prepositions
§165- §167; used to express case functions §26, §76; after infinitives §84- §86, §89; prepositional phrases §166; double prepositions §167; see also GRAMMATICAL WORDS
present participle
§93f.; position in relation to pronouns §69
present tense
§99- §101; optional irregular forms §101
pronouns
§54- §79; see DEMONSTRATIVE, PERSONAL, etc.; position in relation to verb §53; adjectives used pronominally §38f., also §64, §78
pronunciation
§1- §12
proper nouns
capitalization of §14; with adjectival functions §29
punctuation
§16, §52
question
§116; use of infinitive in §92
reflexive pronoun
forms §66; use §67f.; position §69- §71, §73
relative pronouns
§74- §77; indefinite §21; punctuation in relative clauses §16
sequence of tenses
§117
spelling
§1- §9; collateral §15; changes in derivation §137
stress
not indicated by accent mark §1; rules §10f.; in future tense §107
subject
see GRAMMATICAL SUBJECT
subject case
of personal pronouns §54- §61, §63; of relative pronouns §76
subjunctive
not expressed §80; exceptional form sia §111
substantive
see also NOUN; substantivization of adjectives §38- §41, of demonstratives §78, of fractional numerals §126, of ordinal numerals §125, of infinitive §83
suffixes
postsubstantival §138- §140; postadjectival §141- §142, also §45; postverbal §145- §154; see also §161b, §164 and AFFIXES for complete list
superlative
see COMPARISON and ABSOLUTE SUPERLATIVE
syllabification
§13
tables and surveys
pronunciation §4; comparison of adjectives §37; adjectives not substantivized in o/a §41; personal pronouns §54, §68; possessive adjectives §54; passive tense forms §112; conjugation §115; numerals §116; numeral compounding forms §128; grammatical words §134; suffixes §138- §154, §161b, §164; prefixes §157- §158, §161a;
tenses
see PRESENT, PAST, etc.
terminations
of nouns §22; of adjectives §31, §136, §164; of adverbs §47; of demonstratives §78; of verbs §81, §146; foreign §136; in collateral orthography §15h; in derivation §136; expressing natural gender §39- §41, §58, §78
time of day
§133
verb
§80- §117; see specific topics, tenses, modes, etc.; auxiliary §101, §104f., §108, §112f.; double-stem §146- §150, also §152; derivatives from verbs §145- §154, also §83; derivation of verbs §140, §144, and see COMPOUNDINC.
word building
§135- §166; see also DERIVATION
word order
position of adjective §33; position of adverb §52f.; position of pronouns §69- §71, §73, §88; in questions §116
supra previe sequente